产业振兴背景下订单农业的主要模式、实践困境与解决策略——基于广西L县的实地调研

Main Modes,Practical Difficulties and Solutions of Order Agriculture under the Background of Industrial Revitalization:Based on the Field Research in L County,Guangxi

产业振兴是实施乡村振兴战略的重点,订单农业是农业市场化发展实践中逐步形成的基于主体间充分协作的农业经营模式之一。根据其助力小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接的三种不同作用机理,可将实践中多样化的订单农业活动归纳为集中模式、三方模式和中介模式。研究采用实地调查法对广西农业大县L县进行调研,发现集中模式对订单双方约束力不足,违约概率较大,适宜在产业基础良好、行业规范完善的地区开展;三方模式对合作社的要求较高,且当前利益分配机制不够完善,导致其实施面临一定挑战;中介模式无助于形成稳定的合作关系,农户在此模式下的议价能力相对有限。据此,提出合理确定集中模式的运用范围等发展订单农业不同模式的相应建议。

Industrial revitalization is the key point to implement the strategy of rural revitalization.Order agriculture is one of the agricultural business models based on full cooperation between entities gradually formed in the practice of agricultural marketization.According to the three different action mechanisms that help the organic connection between small household farmers and the development of modern agriculture,the diversified order agriculture activities in practice can be summarized into the centralized mode,the tripartite mode and the intermediary mode.The research adopts the field investigation method to investigate L County,a large agricultural county in Guangxi,and finds that the centralized mode has insufficient binding force on both parties of the order and a high probability of default,which is suitable for the region with a good industrial foundation and perfect industrial norms.The tripartite mode has higher requirements on cooperatives,and the current benefit distribution mechanism is not yet perfect,leading to its implementation faces certain challenges.The intermediary mode does not help to form a stable cooperative relationship,and the bargaining power of farmers in this mode is relatively limited.Accordingly,the corresponding suggestions for the development of different modes of order agriculture are put forward,such as reasonably determining the application scope of centralized mode.