新疆结核病防治机构工作人员结核感染预防与控制认知情况调查

Awareness status of tuberculosis infection prevention and control knowledge of professionals in Xinjiang

目的 了解新疆结核病防治(简称结防)机构中工作人员对结核感染预防与控制的认知情况,为规范实施结核感染预防与控制管理措施提供依据。方法 采用问卷对新疆结防机构(结核病定点医院、疾病预防控制中心和基层医疗卫生机构)的工作人员开展横断面调查,分析对结核感染预防与控制知识的知晓情况和对控制措施的认同情况。结果共收到65家结防机构有效调查问卷540份、有效率100%,其中医生186人、护士123人和管理人员231人,从事结防工作平均时间为(6.36±7.78)年;69.83%在过去12个月内参加过结核病防控专项培训;结核感染控制知识问题的总知晓率为74.22%(4 008/5 400),其中管理人员75.84%(1 752/2 310)、医生74.84%(1 392/1 860)和护士70.24%(864/1 230),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.720,P=0.001);“结核不会通过共用餐具传播”问题的知晓率最低(42.22%,228/540),其中护士知晓率最低(29.27%),3类职业人群知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.572,P=0.005);“预防飞沫传播的措施能有效控制结核病传播”问题的知晓率次之(47.78%,258/540),3类职业人群知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.174,P=0.916);知晓率较高的问题是“安装排风扇属于环境工程控制层级”(96.67%)、“向医护人员提供医用防护口罩属于个人防护层级”(94.44%)和“为职工提供结核病筛查和监测属于组织管理和管理控制层级”(91.67%)。结核感染预防与控制的13项措施的总认同率为85.68%,72.78%~97.78%的工作人员认可在结核病防治工作中对机构和个人的结核感染预防与控制制度和措施,但只有40%的工作人员认为“本人在改善本单位的结核感染预防与控制方面能发挥作用”。结论 新疆结防机构工作人员对结核感染预防与控制的认知水平有待提高;应加强结核病传播方式等知识的培训,并应多从正面肯定工作人员在结核感染预防与控制中的作用,以激发其积极性。

Objective To understand the awareness status of the TB professional’s tuberculosis infection prevention and control knowledge in Xinjiang tuberculosis prevention and treatment organization, and provide evidence for standardizing the control measure of TB. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among TB professionals from Xinjiang tuberculosis prevention and treatment organization mentioned above(designated tuberculosis hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect the data about TB infection prevention and control knowledge and recognition of control measures. Results A total of 540 valid questionnaires from 65 institutes of TB prevention and control were collected(effective rate of 100%) for analysis, including 186 doctors, 123 nurses and 231 administrative staff. The average time of working in TB prevention and control was(6.36±7.78) years, and 69.83% of them received the special training on TB control in the past 12 months. The total awareness rate about TB infection control knowledge was 74.22%(4 008/5 400), of which the administrative staff was 75.84%(1 752/2 310), doctor was 74.84%(1 392/1 860), nurse was 70.24%(864/1 230). The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=13.720, P=0.001) among different occupations. The awareness rate of "Tuberculosis is not spread by sharing tableware" was the lowest of 42.22%(228/540), and of which, the nurses were the lowest(29.27%). There was statistical differences(χ^(2)=10.572, P=0.005) in the awareness rates of this problem among the three occupations. The awareness rate of "Measures to prevent droplet transmission can effectively control tuberculosis transmission" was the second lowest(47.78%, 258/540), and there was no significant difference(χ^(2)=0.174, P=0.916) in awareness rates among the three occupational groups. The awareness rate of "Installation of ventilation fans belongs to the level of environmental engineering control measure", "Providing medical protective masks to medical staff belongs to the level of personal protection measure", "Providing staff with tuberculosis screening and monitoring belongs to the level of organizational management and management control measure" was 96.67%(522/540), 94.44%(510/540) and 91.67%(495/540), respectively. The total recognition rate of the 13 measures for TB control was 85.68%. Most prevention and control personnel agreed the systems and measures of institutions and individuals in the work of TB control, and the recognition rates ranged from 72.78% to 97.78%. However, only 40%(216/540) of the personnel agreed "I can play a role for improving the prevention and control of tuberculosis infection in the institution". Conclusions The cognitive level of tuberculosis infection prevention and control among prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang prevention and control institutions needs to be improved. The training on tuberculosis transmission modes knowledge needs to be strengthened, and the staff contribution in TB infection prevention and control should be positively affirmed to stimulate their enthusiasm.