哲学学者具有可靠优越的专识直觉吗?

Can Philosophers Possess More Reliable and Superior Expertise Intuition?

近年来兴起的实验哲学对哲学学者直觉的可靠性与优越性发起了挑战,进而对传统的哲学研究方法提出了质疑。在工程、医学和弈棋等专门领域,专家身经百战,往往具有胜人一筹的直觉;在哲学领域,哲学学者的专识直觉是否同样优于常人呢?本文对源于实验哲学的这一挑战进行分析,指出现有的实验哲学研究尚不足以全面否决哲学学者专识直觉的可靠性与优越性;哲学学者专识直觉的优势或可体现在经由长期的逻辑推衍、论证构建、另类观点构思和反思平衡等思维训练所产生的特定类型直觉中,这是当前实验哲学研究并未予以充分重视和探索的方面。

In recent years,with the development of experimental philosophy,some experimental philosophers challenge the reliability and superiority of philosopher’s intuition,hence questioning the traditional philosophical research methodology.In the expertise areas like engineering,medical practice and chess,experts have superior expertise intuitions based on their rich experiences,but it is still a puzzle whether philosophers’expertise intuitions are better than folk people.In this paper,the author will analyze this challenge which arisen from experimental philosophy,and argue that there is no strong evidence for undermining the reliability and superiority of expertise intuitions of philosophers,and that the advantage of philosophical expertise in intuition may be embodied in a specific type of intuition produced through long-term thinking training such as logical reasoning,argument construction,unique theorizing and reflective equilibrium,which is an aspect that has not been fully paid attention to and explored in the current research of experimental philosophy.