思想史视角下的托勒密《地理学》研究转向——兼论其概念起源与影响脉络

The Turns of the Study on Ptolemy’s Geography From the Perspective of Intellectual History:Also on Its Conceptual Origin and Influence Context

托勒密的《地理学》脱胎于他的天文学研究,并继承了自埃拉托色尼以来的古希腊地理学传统,是古代西方地学的集大成者。该书对中世纪的伊斯兰世界、文艺复兴的欧洲、近代早期制图学的兴起等影响极大。然而当代学人对该书的理解长期存在模糊与偏差。自19世纪以来,《地理学》研究经历了历史地理、实证科学史和思想史视角的数次转向,并从科学史叙事的边缘逐步走向舞台中心。尤其在语境主义已成共识的当下,立足于思想史视角、从不同学科领域重述该作品的诞生和接受史,愈来愈成为一股新的学术动向。

Ptolemy’s Geography was born out of his astronomical research,and inherited the tradition of the ancient Greek geography since Eratosthenes.As the culmination of the ancient Western geography,the book had a great impact on the Islamic world in the Middle Ages,the European Renaissance,and the rise of cartography in early modern times.However,contemporary understanding of it has long been ambiguous and biased.Since the 19th century,the study of Geography has experienced at least three turns,from the perspective of the historical geography,empirical study,to intellectual history,and has gradually shifted from the edge of the history of science to the center of the stage.Especially when contextualism has become a consensus,a new academic trend has appeared to retell the birth and reception history of this work from different disciplines based on the perspective of intellectual history.