临床检测乙型流感病毒的方法学应用评价

Methodological evaluation in clinical detection of influenza B virus

目的 探讨临床实验室检测乙型流感病毒方法学的优劣。方法 收集2021年6月—2022年3月南阳市中心医院发热门诊患者120例,采集口咽拭子和外周静脉血,采用胶体金法、磁微粒法、间接免疫荧光法、RT-PCR法和一代测序法乙型流感病毒试剂盒进行检测。结果 与磁微粒法检测乙型流感病毒IgM抗体比较,间接免疫荧光法敏感度较高,胶体金法敏感度较低;与RT-PCR法比较,一代测序法显示较高灵敏度;与胶体金法比较,间接免疫荧光法和一代测序法检测乙型流感病毒敏感度较高;磁微粒法和RT-PCR法无差异。胶体金法检测口咽拭子乙型流感病毒抗原阳性率与RT-PCR法检测相应标本核酸Ct值之间呈现规律性曲线变化。结论 间接免疫荧光法和一代测序法检测乙型流感病毒具有明显优势,胶体金法检测口咽拭子乙型流感病毒抗原阳性率与RT-PCR法和磁微粒法相比无差异。

Objective This paper aims to discuss the merits and demerits of clinical detection methods for influenza B virus. Methods From the fever clinic of Nanyang Central Hospital from October 2020 to March 2022, 120 fever patients were collected, and oropharyngeal swabs and peripheral venous blood samples were collected for the detection of the above samples by colloidal gold method, magnetic particle method, indirect immunofluorescence method(IIF), RT-PCR and first-generation sequencing method. Results The sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence method was higher than that of magnetic particle method in detecting influenza B virus IgM antibody, while the sensitivity of colloidal gold method was lower. Compared with RT-PCR, the first-generation sequencing method showed higher sensitivity. Compared with colloidal gold method, indirect immunofluorescence method and first generation sequencing method were more sensitive to detect influenza B virus. There was no difference between magnetic particle method and RT-PCR method. The positive rate of influenza B virus antigen in oropharyngeal swabs by colloidal gold assay and the Ct value of nucleic acid in corresponding specimens by RT-PCR assay showed a regular curve change. Conclusion Indirect immunofluorescence method and first generation sequencing method had obvious advantages in the detection of influenza B virus. The colloidal gold method showed no difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus antigen in oropharyngeal swabs compared with RT-PCR and magnetic particle method.