重大果蔬害虫番茄潜叶蛾对蓝紫光的趋向性研究

Phototropism of Tuta absoluta, an important insect pest of fruit and vegetable crops, to blue-violet light wavelengths

【目的】番茄是我国重要的水果和蔬菜作物,番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta是番茄毁灭性的害虫,其绿色高效防控技术的研发意义重大。在温棚内开展了番茄重大害虫——番茄潜叶蛾对5个蓝紫光不同波长的趋向性研究,以期为监测与防治该虫的诱虫灯研发提供依据。【方法】本研究设置5个不同波长(380、405、425、445和460 nm)的蓝紫光,在温棚内进行番茄潜叶蛾的诱集试验,诱虫灯距地面20 cm。试验期间,统计逐日诱蛾总计数量、雌蛾数量以及抱卵雌蛾数量,并比较不同波长的蓝紫光诱捕器的诱集效果。【结果】5个波长的蓝紫光诱捕器均可诱集到一定数量的番茄潜叶蛾,不同波长在50 d时的日均诱蛾总量从高至低依次为380 nm(309.0头)紫外光、405 nm(99.3头)和425 nm(47.0头)紫光、460 nm(37.6头)和445 nm(28.3头)蓝光;不同波长中,380 nm紫外光灯光诱捕器的逐日诱蛾总量最高,逐日诱捕量依次为380 nm紫外光>405 nm紫光>425 nm紫光=460 nm蓝光>445 nm蓝光,且差异显著(P<0.05)。不同波长的蓝紫光灯光诱捕器均可诱集到高比率的雌性成虫(占比均高于65%),其中波长为380nm紫外光的日均诱捕雌蛾数量最高(253.2头),分别为405 nm和425 nm紫光的3.67倍和8.53倍、445 nm和460nm蓝光的14.72倍和11.46倍,且差异极显著(P<0.001);其次为405nm紫光,日均诱捕雌蛾数量(69.0头)为445nm蓝光的4.01倍(P<0.05)。同时,在诱集到的所有雌蛾中有84%以上的个体为抱卵雌虫,且各波长的蓝紫光之间无显著差异。【结论】蓝紫光诱捕器不仅可以诱集雄虫,还可诱集高比例的雌虫和抱卵雌虫;与其他波长的蓝紫光相比,380 nm的紫外光灯光诱捕器对番茄潜叶蛾的诱集能力最强,杀虫效果最好。

[Objectives]To develop a more effective light trap for monitoring and controlling Tuta absoluta, an important insect pest of tomatoes in China. [Methods]The phototropism of T. absoluta to five different wavelengths of blue-violet light;ultraviolet(380 nm), violet(405 nm and 425 nm) and blue(445 nm and 460 nm), was evaluated in greenhouses. The distance between the light tube and the ground was 20 cm. The overall number of moths, and the number of females and gravid females, trapped by light traps of each wavelength were counted daily. [Results]All five wavelengths trapped male and female adults. Over 50 days, a total of 309.0 adults were trapped per trap per day by the 380 nm ultraviolet-light trap, 99.3 by the 405 nm violet-light trap, 47.0 by the 425 nm violet-light trap, 37.6 by the 460 nm blue-light trap, and 28.3 by the 445 nm blue-light trap. The ultraviolet 380 nm light trap captured significantly more(P<0.05) moths per day than the other wavelengths, followed by the 405 nm violet-light, 425 nm violet-light and 460 nm blue-light traps. The 445 nm blue-light trap captured significantly fewer(P<0.05) moths per day than the other wavelengths. All five wavelengths caught a higher proportion(> 65%) of female moths. The ultraviolet 380 nm light trap trapped the highest number of female adults per day(253.2 female individuals), which was respectively 3.67, 8.53, 14.72 and 11.46 times as many as were captured by the violet 405 nm and 425 nm light traps or the blue 445 nm and 460 nm light traps(P<0.001). The violet 405 nm light trap captured an average of 69.0 females per day, 4.01 times more than were captured by the blue 445 nm and 460 nm light traps(P<0.05).More than 84% of females captured were gravid;there was no significant difference in the proportion of gravid females attracted to the different wavelengths. [Conclusion]Blue-violet light traps trap a higher proportion of female T. absoluta than males, most of which(84%) are gravid. Compared to violet and blue light, ultraviolet(380 nm) light is best for attracting T. absoluta to traps.