动物血液转录组测序的应用研究进展

Advances on the Application of Animal Blood Transcriptome

近年来,随着转录组测序(RNA-Seq)技术的普及与成本的降低,越来越多地被应用于动物科学研究。一些血液中的基因与疾病紧密相关,参与免疫、应激、代谢与疾病相关的功能,如突触融合蛋白1A(STX1A)基因可能成为预测酮病的分子靶标;血液RNA-Seq可以预测早产、复发性受精失败与流产等早期妊娠诊断相关的血液标记物溶血磷脂酸受体3(LPAR3)基因等;使用血液RNA-Seq鉴定饲料效率的可靠预测因子是减少表型数据收集的一种策略,有助于家畜营养调控基因组学领域的发展;血液中存在家畜生长性状与生产性能的相关标记物,如CD 48基因是调节肉牛生长的关键基因;血液是免疫系统的重要防线,能够运输各种免疫活性物质与免疫细胞,血液RNA-Seq的分析提供了全身免疫的概览;血液RNA-Seq在生态环境与应激反应等多方面的应用取得进展,白细胞介素1受体Ⅱ(IL1R2)基因是野生状态下免疫调控的主要基因。多年来哺乳动物尤其是家畜的血液RNA-Seq的相关应用研究表明,血液富含有关健康状况的信息,有望替代病理组织取样来研究不同生理状况的分子特征并预测疾病;不同饲料营养水平的动物血液中基因的表达量不同,有助于家畜营养调控基因组学领域的发展。综上,血液RNA-Seq的微创诊断不仅有助于动物不同生理状态的分子调控机制解答,更有助于未来家畜分子标记辅助管理的应用,具有成为候选的实用生物样本的可能。

In recent years,with the popularity and cost reduction of RNA-sequencing(RNA-Seq)technology,it is increasingly used in animal science research.Several genes in blood are closely related to diseases and involved in immune,stress,metabolism and disease-related functions.For example,syntaxin 1A(STX1A)gene may be a molecular target for predicting ketosis.Blood RNA-Seq can predict blood marker related to the diagnosis of early pregnancy,such as preterm birth,recurrent fertilization failure and abortion(for example,lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3,LPAR3).The use of blood RNA-Seq to identify reliable predictors of feed efficiency is a strategy to reduce the collection of phenotypic data,which could help the field of nutritional regulatory genomics in livestock.There are markers related to growth traits and performance of livestock in blood.For example,CD 48 gene is a key gene regulating the growth of beef cattle.Blood is an important line of defense of the immune system,which can transport various immune active substances and immune cells.The analysis of blood RNA-Seq provides an overview of systemic immunity.Interleukin 1 receptor typeⅡ(IL1R2)is a major gene of immunomodulation in the wild state.Studies on the application of RNA-Seq in mammalian blood,especially in livestock,show that blood is rich in information about health status,which is expected to replace pathological tissue sampling to study the molecular characteristics of different physiological conditions and predict diseases.The genes expressed in the blood of animals with different dietary nutrition levels are different,which is helpful for the development of the field of nutritional regulatory genomics in livestock.In conclusion,the minimally invasive diagnosis of blood RNA-Seq is not only helpful to solve the molecular regulatory mechanism of different physiological states of animals,but also helpful to the application of molecular marker-assisted management of livestock in the future above these studies,which has the possibility of becoming a candidate practical biological sample.