基因组选择及其在羊育种中的应用研究进展

Research Advances on Genomic Selection and Its Application in Sheep Breeding

数量性状是羊育种中的重要性状,受微效多基因控制、遗传力低,而传统育种方法难以提高羊的育种效率。提高动物育种效率对于选种选配工作和经济生产效益至关重要。随着育种新技术的不断革新与发展,基因组选择(genomic selection,GS)方法已成为育种技术中强大的工具,且已成功运用于个体经济价值较大的物种中,其具有缩短世代间隔、提高育种准确性、减少生产成本、提高畜禽经济效益等优势。近年来,由于基因组技术的不断成熟和各个统计模型的升级优化,以及高密度SNP芯片价格的下调,报告有关于基因组选择育种的实证和模拟研究层出不穷,且基因组选择技术已在羊育种中逐步开展,特别是在羊的重要性状中已有不少报道。由于羊的品种较多,地方性状差异化较大,个体经济价值略低,尽管基因组育种的新技术已经非常成熟,但目前仍没有在羊育种中大范围普及。为了更全面地了解该技术在羊育种中的研究现状,且基于选种选配的重要地位,作者就基因组选择在羊育种中的研究进展展开综述,主要从表型测定、基因分型、不同模型方面介绍了基因组选择在羊的重要性状中的应用和现状,讨论了其优势与挑战,并展望了基因组选择的未来发展方向。

Quantitative trait is an important trait in sheep breeding,which is controlled by micro-effect polygenes and has low heritability.However,traditional breeding methods are difficult to improve sheep breeding efficiency.Improving the efficiency of animal breeding is very important for breeding selection and economic production benefits.With the continuous innovation and development of new breeding technologies,genomic selection(GS)has become a powerful tool in breeding technology,and it has been successfully used in species with greater individual economic value.It has the advantages of shortening generation interval,improving breeding accuracy,reducing production cost and improving economic benefits of livestock and poultry.In recent years,as a result of the continuous maturity of genome technology and the upgrading and optimization of various statistical models,and lower high-density SNP chip prices,report about genome selective breeding of empirical and simulation studies emerge in endlessly,and the genome choose technology has been gradually develop in sheep breeding,especially in important trait of sheep have been many reports.However,due to the large number of sheep breeds,large differences in local traits and slightly low individual economic value,although the new technology of genome breeding has been very mature,it is still not widely used in sheep breeding.In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the research status of this technology in sheep breeding,and based on the important position of selection and matching,the author reviews the research progress on genomic selection in sheep breeding,mainly summarized the application and current situation of genomic selection in sheep important traits from phenotyping,genotyping and different models,discussed its advantages and challenges,and looked forward to the future development direction of genomic selection.