论董仲舒对两汉乐教的礼法化建构

On Dong Zhongshu's Legalization Construction of Music Education in Han Dynasty

董仲舒是两汉时期影响最大的儒者,其乐教思想显现出明显的礼法化倾向。首先,他继承前人主张,认为天道是礼乐的形而上依据。接着,他突出了君主在天地自然及人世政治中的决定地位:一方面试图将皇权作为推行礼乐教化的依靠;另一方面强调君主按礼乐而行其实也是循天道而行,以礼乐治国远胜于刑法,是天道的必然要求,也是实现治世的唯一途径。最后,他又从民众角度出发,认为礼乐教化可以满足百姓需求,所以他们应该自觉接受其影响,并在天下大治后,积极歌颂君主之德治。董仲舒的思想顺应了时代发展趋势,兼顾了君主及百姓的需要,其部分建议得以推行,并最终实现了礼乐教化在两汉的礼法化转向。

Dong Zhongshu was the most influential Confucian in Han Dynasty,and his music teaching thought showed an obvious tendency of rites and laws.First of all,he inherited his predecessors’opinions that the way of Heaven was the metaphysical basis of rites and music.Then he highlighted the sovereign’s decisive position in nature and politics.On the one hand,he tried to take imperial power as the basis for the implementation of rites and music education.On the other hand,it is emphasized that the monarch acts in accordance with the rules of heaven.Governing the country by the rules of etiquette and music is far better than criminal law,which is the inevitable requirement of the rules of Heaven and the only way to realize the rule of the world.Finally,from the point of view of the people,he thought that the education of rites and music could meet the needs of the people,so they should consciously accept its influence,and after the great rule of the world,actively praise the monarch’s moral rule.Dong Zhongshu’s thought complied with the development trend of the times and took into account the needs of the monarch and the common people.Some of his suggestions were carried out,and finally realized the transformation of rites and music education into rites and laws in Han Dynasty.