俄罗斯老龄教育发展现状与挑战

Current Status and Challenges for the Development of Aging Education in Russia

俄罗斯社会经济发展乏力与其人口净减量大和老龄化严重叠加造成的劳动力资源数量长期不足、质量下降和高端人才大量流失密切相关。劳动力人口质与量的持续走低使更多退休群体进入二次就业,但存在体力和技能素质不符合现代化社会生产从业条件的问题。针对俄罗斯老龄教育存在的护理服务不足、经费支撑不足、老龄教育机构功能与发展缺失方向等问题,俄罗斯通过宪法、专门法等相关法律和政策为老龄者就业及教育培训提供配套的社会保障基本条件,同时依托第三年龄大学、高等国民学校以及俱乐部、社会服务中心等社会力量联合办学。

The long-term deficit of labor(both in terms of number and quality)and the loss of top talents in Russia are closely related to the combining results of weak socioeconomic progress,high net population loss and rapid aging.The ongoing decline in both the quality and quantity of the labor force leads to increased pressure on employment.As a result,more retirees are entering secondary employment.However,they must deal with physical and technical limitations that do not match the conditions of production and employment in modern society.Major problems in aging education include inadequate care service,insufficient financial support,and lack of direction in functions and development in Russian education institutions for the elderly.In response to these problems,through the Constitution,special laws,other pertinent laws and policies,as well as through the collaborative efforts of third-age universities,higher national schools,clubs,social service centers,and other relevant government departments,Russia has provided the fundamental conditions of social security for the employment and education of the elderly.