美欧数字贸易发展经验及其对我国的政策启示

Experience of Digital Trade Development in the United States and Europe and Its Policy Enlightenment to China

当前,美国和欧盟都制定了多种政策促进数字贸易发展。美国在数字经济与贸易发展的过程中,制定推动科技创新的政策体系,保持相对宽松的市场监管环境,并主动构建国际规则帮助企业出海,但在国际化过程中出现了制造业外移和产业空心化现象。欧盟数字经济起步早,但由于内部市场机制不统一和经济危机冲击导致数字贸易国际竞争力相对较弱,因此,欧盟致力于构建数字单一市场、加强市场环境建设,努力帮助本土企业成长。我国已在部分数字贸易领域取得一定成绩,目前正积极拓展国际市场,但面临核心技术不足、疫情冲击带来的不确定性和国际秩序缺失等问题。因此,我国需要根据自身实际情况,充分借鉴美欧发展的经验与教训,完善促进数字贸易发展的政策。

Currently,both the United States and the European Union have made various policies to promote the development of digital trade.In the process of the development of the digital economy and trade,the United States has formulated a series of policies to promote the development of scientific and technological innovation,maintained a relatively loose market regulatory environment,and actively built international rules to help enterprises go to sea.However,in the process of internationalization,it shows the manufacturing relocation and industrial hollowing phenomenon.The EU digital economy started early,but the international competitiveness of digital trade is relatively weak due to the disunity of the internal market mechanism and the impact of economic crisis.Therefore,the EU are currently building a digital single market,strengthening the construction of market environment,and trying to help local enterprises grow.China has achieved certain achievements in some digital trade fields,and is actively expanding the international market.However,it is faced with problems such as insufficient core technology,uncertainty caused by the impact of the pandemic,and lack of international order.Therefore,China needs to formulate policies to promote the development of digital trade according to its own actual situation and fully learn from the experience and lessons of the development of the United States and Europe.