公路运输罐体抗冲击防护的研究进展

Research Progress of Impact Protection of Road Transport Tanks

鉴于公路运输罐体重大事故频发、罐体抗冲击防护性能亟待改善,研究公路运输安全性防护问题,尤其是罐体抗冲击防护性能具有重要意义。简要介绍了传统运输罐体材料与结构对罐体抗冲击性能的影响;重点阐述运输罐体在防护材料与防护结构两方面的研究热点;介绍了铝镁合金材料、泡沫铝夹芯材料等材料,以及结构配件与罐体厚度、“三明治”夹芯结构等对冲击荷载缓冲耗能的作用;分析了罐体新型防护材料——喷涂聚脲弹性体、罐体抗撞击防护装置对提高罐体的防撞抗冲击性能的影响;探讨了提高公路运输罐体抗冲击性能的有效方法及措施,指出公路运输罐体在抗冲击防护领域的研究方向和发展趋势。

In view of the frequent occurrence of major accidents in road transport tanks and the urgent need to improve the impact protection performance of tanks,it is important to study the safety protection of road transport,especially the impact protection performance of tanks.This paper briefly introduced the influence of traditional transport tank materials and structures on tank impact resistance performance,focused on the research hotspots of transport tank in two aspects of protection materials and protection structure.The effects of materials such as aluminum-magnesium alloy materials,aluminum foam sandwich materials,and structural fittings and tank thickness,sandwich core structure,etc on the impact load buffer energy dissipation were introduced.The effects of new tank protection materials-spray polyurea elastomer and the tank impact protection device to improve the impact resistance of the tank were analyzed.The effective methods and measures to improve the impact resistance of road transport tanks were discussed.The research direction and development trend of road transport tanks in the field of impact protection were pointed out.