拮抗灰霉病菌的低温型木霉菌株的分离鉴定

Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma Strains Antagonistic to Botrytis cinerea Under Low-temperature Conditions

木霉是一种具有良好生防潜力和应用前景的灰霉病防治菌,但是目前的木霉菌株大多是在常温条件下筛选获得,造成其对冬季低温条件下发生的灰霉病防治效果较差.筛选鉴定耐低温且拮抗效率高的木霉菌株对低温地区灰霉病的防治具有十分重要的意义.采集冷凉地区的土壤样品,利用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA培养基)在16℃低温条件下分离培养木霉,共获得88株具有良好低温适应性的木霉菌株;利用平板对峙法对这些木霉菌株在低温条件下拮抗灰霉病菌的效率进行了研究,获得3株高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株J4-1,J4-5,C2-7;经分子生物学与形态学相结合的方法鉴定,J4-1为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum),J4-5为非洲哈茨木霉(Trichoderma afroharzianum),C2-7为拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis).获得的低温环境下高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株将为北方冷凉地区植物灰霉病的防治工作奠定基础.

Trichoderma spp. are biocontrol fungi with great potential for the control of Botrytis cinerea(gray mold).However, most of the currently used Trichoderma strains were obtained at room temperature, resulting in a poor effect on the control of gray mold in low temperature conditions in winter.Screening and identifying Trichoderma strains with low-temperature resistant ability and high antagonistic efficiency are of great significance for the prevention and control of gray mold in low temperature areas.In this study, soil samples were collected from cold and cool areas, and potato dextrose agar medium(PDA medium) was used to isolate and cultivate Trichoderma at 16 ℃.A total of 88 Trichoderma strains that grew well under low-temperature conditions was obtained.The antagonistic ability of these Trichoderma strains against B. cinerea was determined by dual-culture assay.Three Trichoderma strains were found to efficiently antagonize B. cinerea,and were named J4-1,J4-5 and C2-7,respectively.By combining molecular biology and morphological methods, J4-1 was identified as Trichoderma echinospora,J4-5 as Trichoderma harziana,and C2-7 as Trichoderma pseudocorning.The three Trichoderma strains obtained in this study with strong antagonistic ability against B. cinerea under low-temperature conditions will lay a foundation for the control of B. cinerea in the cold and cool areas of northern China.