后扶贫时代的贫困治理:中国式稳定脱贫的理论逻辑、历史进程与政策演进

Poverty Governance in the Post-Poverty Era: Theoretical Logic, Historical Process and Policy Evolution of Stable Poverty Alleviation in Chinese Style

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出:中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化,是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。消除贫困,改善民生,逐步实现共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国共产党的100年来的初心使命。在后扶贫时代,高质量发展、实现稳定脱贫是巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴,最终实现共同富裕的关键环节。系统梳理稳定脱贫领域理论逻辑、明晰政策演进历程、归纳总结历史经验,对于建立健全稳定脱贫长效机制有重要的现实价值和学术意义。本文利用CiteSpace计量软件对《中文社会科学引文索引》收录的稳定脱贫领域的文献进行系统性梳理和知识图谱呈现,研究发现:稳定脱贫领域研究的理论逻辑围绕内涵界定、脆弱性原因探究、长效机制构建展开;热点涵盖生计资本、农民持续增收、贫困脆弱性、乡村振兴和共同富裕;历史进程主要包括起步、上升、爆发、深化4个阶段;政策演进囊括了救济式扶贫、开发式治理、精准扶贫、稳定脱贫和共同富裕等阶段。研究结论对于构建后扶贫时代中国式贫困治理的理论框架,实现共同富裕具有积极的理论意义和实践价值。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report of the 20th Party Congress that Chinese-style modernization is a modernization with a huge population and a modernization with common prosperity for all people. Eliminating poverty, improving people’s livelihood and gradually achieving common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and have been the original mission of the Chinese Communist Party for 100 years. After 2020, the final victory is achieved in the fight against poverty, but the removal of poverty is not the end but a new starting point. In the post-poverty alleviation era, high-quality development to achieve stable poverty alleviation is a key part to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation, promote rural revitalization and ultimately achieve common prosperity. Systematically sorting out the theoretical logic in the field of stable poverty eradication, clarifying the history of policy evolution, summarizing historical experience, are of great practical value and academic significance for establishing a sound long-term mechanism for stable poverty alleviation. In this paper, using CiteSpace metrics software, we systematically sort and present the knowledge map of the CSSCI-indexed literature in the field of stable poverty alleviation. The study found that the theoretical logic of research in the field of stable poverty alleviation revolves around the clarification and definition of the connotation, the investigation of the causes of vulnerability, and the construction of long-term mechanisms, with hotspots covering livelihood capital, sustainable income generation for farmers, rural revitalization, precise poverty alleviation, landless farmers, livelihood vulnerability and sustainability. The study of the historical process includes four main stages: starting, rising, exploding, and deepening. The policy evolution mainly contains the stages of relief poverty alleviation, developmental governance, precise poverty alleviation, stable poverty alleviation and common prosperity. The findings of the study have positive theoretical significance and practical value for constructing a theoretical framework for Chinese-style poverty governance in the post-poverty era and achieving common prosperity.