“双碳”战略下水循环响应与需水情势变化

Water circulation response and water demand situation change under “Double Carbon” strategy

通过对相关文献的研究梳理,基于“双碳”战略任务要求与实施路径,对“双碳”战略下水循环响应与需水情势变化等进行深入探析。研究表明,水、碳循环在自然界通过植物光合作用和蒸散发紧密相连,在经济社会中通过水资源与能源的供-用-耗-排过程密切相关。“双碳”战略实施对水资源供、需两端均产生一定影响,供给端主要表现在降水、径流的时空分布变化,需求端主要表现在产业结构、布局的调整以及伴生的需水变化。针对“双碳”战略下的水-碳天然循环变化及其影响应进一步加强研究并制定适应性措施,同时加强经济社会领域水资源与能源供-用-耗-排过程的主动调节,为“双碳”目标实现和经济社会高质量发展提供支撑。

In the new stage, the implementation of the "double carbon" strategy was put forward and integrated into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction and the overall situation of economic and social development by China government from the height of the harmonious coexistence of man and nature to plan and develop, which would have a profound impact on China’s economic and social development and ecological civilization construction. The strategic goal of "double carbon" was to strive to reach the peak of China’s total carbon emissions by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The core task was to increase carbon sinks, to reduce carbon emissions, and to achieve carbon control and carbon reduction goals.Water resources was a basic natural resource, strategic economic resource and controlling ecological factor.Water resources was closely related to carbon control and carbon reduction. The water-carbon cycle was a biophysical and ecological process that was closely coupled in the material cycle and energy exchange of the earth’s land surface system. As an important input and environmental output of social and economic development, water,energy and carbon were also closely related in the economic and social fields. In the long-term evolution of the earth, the carbon cycle of the earth had formed its inherent laws and characteristics, but the interference of human activities on the carbon cycle since the industrial revolution had made the carbon concentration in the atmosphere beyond the range of natural variability. The change of carbon concentration caused global climate change, further caused the change of water cycle rhythm, and made extreme hydrological events such as drought and flood occur more frequently. In addition to the water-carbon cycle process in nature, water-carbon also had a close relationship in the economic and social system. A wide range of economic and social activities need to consume water and energy, discharge sewage and carbon dioxide. Under the "double carbon" strategy, the adjustment of industrial structure and layout had brought about changes in water demand and brought new challenges to water resources security.At present, the research on water and "double carbon" strategy mainly focused on how to implement the "double carbon" strategy requirements and adaptation measures in the water conservancy industry. There were still few studies on the response of water cycle and the change of water demand situation under the "double carbon" strategy.Based on the research of relevant literature, an in-depth analysis of the impact of the implementation of the " double carbon" strategy on the supply and demand of water resources was made in this paper, as well as the response of water cycle and the change of water demand situation under the "double carbon" strategy, so as to facilitate the formulation of adaptive and supportive measures, which had important theoretical value and practical significance for strengthening the comprehensive management of water-carbon and promoting sustainable development.Studies had shown that water and carbon cycles were closely linked in nature through plant photosynthesis and evapotranspiration, and were closely related to the supply-use-consumption-discharge process of water resources and energy in the economy and society. The implementation of the "double carbon" strategy had a certain impact on both supply and demand of water resources. The supply side was mainly reflected in the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and runoff, and the demand side was mainly reflected in the adjustment of industrial structure and layout and the associated water demand changes. In view of the natural cycle change of water-carbon and its impact under the "double carbon" strategy, it should be to further strengthen the research and formulate adaptive measures, and at the same time strengthen the active regulation of water resources and energy supply-use-consumption-discharge process in the economic and social field, so as to realize the harmonious unity of water resources-economic society-ecological environment, and provide support for the realization of the “double carbon” goal and the high-quality development of economy and society.