南水北调受水区生活用水影响因素与节水潜力

Influencing factors of domestic water and water conservation potential in the water import areas of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project

为持续推进水资源节约工作,保障南水北调受水区经济社会可持续发展,开展居民用水习惯问卷调查,分析南水北调东线和中线受水区各省(直辖市)居民家庭用水现状及差异特点,识别生活用水的主要影响因素,设计节水情景模拟家庭节水潜力。结果表明,受水区居民用水习惯呈现较明显的地域性差异,其中:天津市和河北省居民整体节水意识较高,河南省和山东省现状人均日用水量比北京市、安徽省和江苏省低12%;从用水行为上看,家庭洗浴日均用水量浮动范围达30%,是造成用水差异的主要环节。节水情景模拟结果显示,通过进一步提高居民节水意识、替换高等级节水器具、增强家庭内部废水循环利用等措施,受水区居民人均日用水量可下降12%~29%。根据受水区各省(直辖市)针对其生活用水特点,提出了进一步开展节水器具普及工作、完善节水管理体制机制、提升居民节水意识以及合理利用废水等节水建议,因地制宜持续推进节水工作。

The South-to-North Water Transfer area was one of the serious shortage of water resources in China. To continuously promote the work of water resources conservation and ensure the sustainable economic and social development of the South-to-North Water Transfer area, it is of great significance to track and evaluate the current situation of domestic water use in the water demand area in real-time, analyze the influencing factors and existing problems of domestic water use in all provinces and cities in the water demand area, and further tap the potential of domestic water-saving, to promote the water-saving management in the water demand area and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.This study was conducted based on a questionnaire survey on residents’ water consumption habits and adopted a multiple linear regression method to analyze the current situation and differences in household water consumption in provinces and cities in the eastern middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, identified the main influencing factors of domestic water consumption, and designed water-saving scenarios to simulate the water-saving potential of households.The results show that :1. There were obvious regional differences in the water consumption habits of residents in the eastern middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. In some northern provinces,Henan, Shandong, Tianjin, and other provinces, the number of people who use water prudently accounts for 27% to40%, and the per capita domestic water consumption was relatively low. Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, and other southern provinces and cities account for more luxury water users, about 26%-35%. From the perspective of water consumption behavior, the bathing link accounts for the largest proportion of 45%, which was also the main link causing the difference in water consumption among provinces and cities, and the main segment causing differences in residential water use between provinces and municipalities. The range of fluctuations in water use for domestic bathing was the largest, and the difference in daily per capita bathing water use was over 30%, which was the main segment causing differences in water use. 2. Through the establishment of a multiple linear regression model to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ water-saving awareness, it was found that residents’ water consumption was greatly affected by multiple factors, such as age, gender, household resident population, income level, personal water consumption habits, and water use equipment. Residents with a high level of awareness and knowledge of water conservation use less water for domestic purposes. Residents who were aware of their water use and local water prices generated less water in the course of their use. 3. The simulation results of water-saving scenarios showed that under the comprehensive water-saving scenario of improving residents’ water-saving awareness, adopting rational utilization of wastewater, and replacing water-saving appliances with class I water efficiency, the daily water consumption per capita in the water receiving area could be reduced by about 12%-29%.The results of this study had a certain reference value for formulating water management policies, promoting water conservation, and formulating rational water resource planning. Facing the growing demand for domestic water, it is still necessary to further analyze the laws and characteristics of regional domestic water, realize the refined exploration of water load through user classification research, improve the level of scientific water management from the end consumption link, and promote the efficient use of household water resources. It will be of great significance to ensure the safety of water resources in the receiving area and maintain sustainable economic and social development.