广州市城乡接合地区中学生非自杀性自伤行为的现状及影响因素

Current situation and influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury among high school students in urbanrural fringe of Guangzhou

目的调查广州市城乡接合地区中学生非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)的现状及危险因素,为中学生NSSI的防控提供依据。方法2021年9月至10月采用自编人口学问卷、青少年生活事件量表、Rosenberg自尊量表和青少年自我伤害行为量表对广州市城乡接合地区的3493名中学生进行问卷调查。结果(1)中学生NSSI检出率为39.94%,女生、初二年级、初三年级、高三年级、父母离异、父母一方过世或双方去世、父母再婚、自评家庭收入较低、成绩较差、无朋友、经历负性生活事件、低自尊的中学生NSSI发生率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年级、父母婚姻状况、生活事件和自尊是中学生NSSI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。初一年级(OR=1.804)、初二年级(OR=2.051)、初三年级(OR=1.415),父母再婚(OR=1.619)、离异(OR=1.533)、父母一方或双方去世(OR=1.795),经历人际关系(OR=1.374),受惩罚(OR=1.332),丧失(OR=1.489)及其他负性生活事件(OR=1.463),低自尊(OR=4.809)及中等程度自尊(OR=1.985)可能增加中学生NSSI发生的风险。结论应积极关注初二年级、初三年级与高三年级学生及父母离异、父母一方过世或双方去世、父母再婚的学生群体的心理状态,帮助学生更好地应对负性生活事件,提高学生的自尊水平。

Objective To investigate the current situation and risk factors of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)among high school students in the urban-rural fringe of Guangzhou,and to propose evidence for the NSSI prevention and control among the high school students.Methods A self-developed demography questionnaire,along with the Adolescent Life Events Scale(ALES),the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Adolescents SelfHarm Scale(ASHS),were used in a survey of 3493 high school students in the urban-rural fringe of Guangzhou from September to October 2021.Results(1)NSSI was identified in 39.94%of these high school students.The incidence of NSSI was higher with female gender,junior high school students during their second or third school-years,senior high school students during their third school-year,students with parental divorce,decease of one or both parents,parental remarriage,self-rated low family income,lower GPA,insociability,experiences of negative life events,or low self-esteem,compared with the control group(P<0.01).(2)Multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that school-years,parental marital status,life events,and self-esteem were independent risk factors of NSSI among high school students(P<0.05).The first(OR=1.804),second(OR=2.051)and third(OR=1.415)school-years at junior high school,parental remarriage(OR=1.619),parental divorce(OR=1.533),decease of one or both parents(OR=1.795),interpersonal relationship experiences(OR=1.374),punishment(OR=1.332),loss(OR=1.489)or other negative life events(OR=1.463),low self-esteem(OR=4.809)and moderate-level self-esteem(OR=1.985)may add to risk of NSSI in high school students.Conclusion Proactive care should be given to the mental status of students during their second-or third school-year at junior high schools and during their third school-year at senior high schools,and of those with parental divorce,decease of one or both parents,or parental remarriage,so as to help these students cope better with negative life events and improve their self-esteem.