“一带一路”沿线省份专利密集型产业绿色创新时空演化及空间效应

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Spatial Effect of Green Innovation in Patent-intensive Industries in Provinces Along the Belt and Road

本文在测算2006—2019年“一带一路”沿线省份专利密集型产业绿色创新效率的基础上分析其时空演化特征,进一步结合空间杜宾模型估计其空间效应。分析结果显示:“一带”地区专利密集型产业绿色技术研发和绿色成果转化效率仍有一定提升空间,“一路”地区两阶段效率均达到有效状态;研究期内绿色技术研发和绿色成果转化效率呈上升态势并伴随极化现象;两阶段效率均存在正空间自相关性且研发效率相关性强于转化效率,其中,研发效率“低低(LL)”集聚主要位于“一带”地区且时空格局较稳定,转化效率呈现出“高高(HH)”集聚向“一路”地区演进并趋于稳定的趋势。综合两阶段看,对外直接投资(OFDI)、外商直接投资(FDI)、政府支持、基础设施建设、贸易开放和知识产权保护促进本地专利密集型产业绿色创新;OFDI和FDI对邻近地区专利密集型产业两阶段绿色创新效率、贸易开放对邻近地区专利密集型产业绿色成果转化效率存在正向空间溢出效应,发挥辐射带动作用,政府支持、知识产权保护对邻近地区专利密集型产业两阶段绿色创新效率均产生负向空间溢出,呈现空间竞争特征。研究结论可以为实现“一带一路”沿线省份专利密集型产业绿色创新协同发展提供启示。

This paper uses the Super-SBM model considering undesirable output to measure the two-stage green innovation efficiency of patent-intensive industries in provinces along the Belt and Road, namely, green technology R&D(GTR) efficiency and green achievement transformation(GAT) efficiency. Then, it reveals the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics in both stages with kernel density analysis and spatial auto-correlation analysis and further investigates the spatial effect of green innovation efficiency with the spatial Dubin model. The findings show that the average efficiencies of GTR and GAT of patent-intensive industries in provinces along the Belt are 0.881 and 0.927 respectively, while for provinces along the Road the average efficiencies are 1.276 and 1.498 respectively. Moreover, green innovation efficiency generally shows an improvement trend with the polarization phenomenon, and there are positive spatial auto-correlations in both stages. The correlation of GTR efficiency is stronger than that of GAT efficiency. The “LL” agglomerations of GTR efficiency are mainly located in the Belt, and the spatio-temporal pattern is relatively stable. In contrast, the GAT efficiency shows a trend of “HH” agglomerations converging to the Road and gradually tending to be steady. Considering two stages as a whole, outward foreign direct investment(OFDI), foreign direct investment(FDI), government support, infrastructure construction, trade openness and intellectual protection promote green innovation in local patent-intensive industries. Specifically, OFDI and FDI have a positive spatial spillover effect on both GTR efficiency and GAT efficiency of patent-intensive industries in neighboring regions while trade openness has a positive spatial spillover effect on GAT efficiency in neighboring regions, playing the role in radiation and stimulation. However, government support and intellectual property protection have negative spatial spillover effects on both GTR efficiency and GAT efficiency in neighboring areas, exhibiting the characteristics of spatial competition. Bases on the above results, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Firstly, provinces along the Belt should optimize the internal organizational structure and improve the level of operation and management in patent-intensive industries to promote green innovation, and provinces along the Road should carry out technological changes to further optimizing green innovation efficiency on basis of consolidating the current performance. Secondly, provinces along the Belt and Road should give full play to the spatial agglomeration advantage of green innovation in patent-intensive industries. Thirdly, it is necessary to steadily promote green innovation in patent-intensive industries in provinces along the Belt and Road by strengthening OFDI, FDI, government support, infrastructure construction, trade openness and intellectual property protection. Fourthly, patent-intensive industries in provinces along the Belt and Road should promote the formation of a regional integrated green development pattern with synergetic development according to local conditions. Fifthly, patent-intensive enterprises in provinces along the Belt and Road should take the Belt and Road Initiative as an important opportunity to go aboard and carry out overseas cooperative R&D of green technology. Meanwhile, policy makers should attract overseas high-quality green patents to be applied to practice in China.