岩土松散体内开挖救援通道的套筒式螺旋驱动掘进机自行进功能研究

Study on the Self-propelling Function of Sleeve-type Screw-driven Tunnel Boring Machine for Excavating Rescue Channel in Loose Rock and Soil

在发生山体滑坡或泥石流、隧道塌方、地震等地质灾害的岩土松散介质中快速、高效、及时地开挖救援通道到达有人员被困(埋)地点是抢险救援的首要任务。文章介绍一种新型的依赖多根平行装设于圆筒式掘进机外周的长螺旋体旋转,驱动整个掘进机在岩土松散体内自主穿行开挖救援通道的掘进技术和装备,分析了掘进机的机构构成和自主前行动作机理,推导了套筒式螺旋驱动掘进机自主前行的条件。利用室内试验得到的螺旋齿高、齿根距和牙型角各参数的合理数值,研制了螺旋驱动套筒式试验样机。现场试验中,样机在松散土体内自主前行了10 m距离,证明了掘进机利用螺旋驱动原理在松散岩土类介质中自主前行开挖救援通道的可行性,为类似灾害事故中抢救被困人员的救援通道施工提供了安全、快速的施工技术和装备。

It is the primary task of emergency rescue to quickly, efficiently and timely excavate the rescue channel to the place where people are trapped(buried) in the loose rock and soil medium with geological disasters such as landslides or debris flow, tunnel collapse and earthquakes. This paper introduces a new type of tunneling technology and equipment that relies on the rotation of multiple long helices mounted parallel to the periphery of the cylindrical tunnel boring machine to drive the entire boring machine to traverse and excavate independently in the loose rock and soil, analyzes the structure of the tunnel boring machine and the self-propelling mechanism, and deduces the conditions for the self-propelling of the sleeve-type screw-driven tunnel boring machine. Based on the reasonable values of the parameters of helical tooth height, tooth root pitch and tooth profile angle obtained by laboratory tests,the first test prototype of the sleeve-type screw-driven tunnel boring machine has been developed. In the field test,the prototype autonomously moves forward for a distance of 10 m in the loose soil, which proves the feasibility of using the screw-driven principle to autonomously move forward to excavate the rescue channel in loose rock and soil media, and provides safe and rapid construction technology and equipment for the construction of rescue channel to rescue trapped people in similar disasters and accidents.