TBM在煤矿巷道掘进中的技术应用和研究进展

Application and research progress of TBM tunneling in coal mine roadway

TBM工法经济技术优势显著,正成为煤矿巷道快速掘进的一种新方法。但由于煤矿特殊的施工环境和复杂地质条件,TBM在煤矿巷道掘进中面临以下技术挑战:(1)煤矿特殊施工环境下TBM装备和矿井系统适应性设计难;(2)煤系软硬复合地层破岩机理不清,高效破岩控制难度大;(3)软弱地层挤压变形卡机灾害风险大,灾害预测和安全控制难度大;(4)掘进空间狭小和粉尘水雾干扰严重,TBM掘进过程监测难度大,难以进行掘进参数决策控制和灾害预警。对此,针对TBM装备适应性设计技术,深部复合地层TBM高效破岩理论,挤压变形卡机灾害预测控制方法,掘进过程智能化决策控制技术等开展了系统研究,在TBM安全高效掘进技术方面取得了以下研究进展:(1)论述了针对煤矿特殊施工环境的TBM装备和施工工艺适应性设计技术;(2)开展了TBM滚刀贯入和线性切割试验,揭示了复合地层地应力水平、岩石强度及岩性变化、掘进控制模式、滚刀安装半径等对TBM破岩效率和破岩模式的影响机理,提出了深部复合地层TBM掘进性能评价预测方法和岩体可掘性评价方法;(3)揭示了深部煤系软弱地层TBM掘进挤压大变形卡机灾害孕育发生机理,发展了挤压变形卡机灾害孕育演化及控制过程模拟预测的FDEM(有限元-离散元耦合)方法,提出了挤压变形卡机监测预警方法,形成了TBM掘进挤压大变形卡机“大变径扩挖、掘进参数优化和分步联合支护”综合防控技术体系;(4)提出了TBM掘进过程岩-机作用信息(刀盘刀具-掘进工作面作用、围岩-护盾作用信息)实时感知技术,初步提出了TBM掘进参数自适应智能决策方法。上述研究进展将推动TBM在煤矿巷道建设中的应用和安全高效掘进技术进步。

TBM(Full Face Tunnel Boring Machine) tunneling method has significant economic and technical advantages and is becoming an innovative method for deep roadway speedy construction. However, due to the special complex geological conditions and construction environment of coal mines, the technical challenges faced by TBM tunneling in deep roadways and the key scientific problems are analyzed:(1) adaptive design of TBM equipment and the mine system under special tunneling environment in coal mine is difficult to fulfill;(2) the rock fragmentation mechanism in soft and hard mixed strata is unclear, and the efficient rock cutting is difficult to realize;(3) The risk of soft rock squeezing deformation and TBM jamming, and the difficulty for accurate prediction and safety control is large;(4) Due to the narrow tunneling space and the serious interference of dust and water fog, it is difficult to monitor the tunneling process and make decision control and disaster warning according to the monitoring information. In this regard, systematic research on adaptive equipment design, efficient rock cutting in mixed-ground, squeezing deformation and TBM jamming disaster prediction and control method, and intelligent assisted tunneling method in deep composite stratum tunneling has been carried out. Research results on the TBM safe and efficient tunneling technology are achieved:(1) the present situation of TBM adaptive design technology for special construction environment of coal mine is illustrated.(2) full-size disc cutter penetration and linear cutting tests for hard and soft rock under high confining pressure are performed. Accordingly, the influence of complex geo-stress, rock strength and lithology change, tunneling control mode,cutter installation radius on the TBM cutting efficiency and rock fragmentation mechanism are revealed. The evaluation and prediction method of TBM tunneling performance and the corresponding rock mass classification method in deep mixed ground is put forward.(3) The mechanism of large deformation and TBM jamming disaster during TBM tunneling in deep coal measure soft strata is revealed. The FDEM(combined FEM and DEM) numerical simulation method of large deformation and TBM jamming disaster evolution and corresponding control measures for TBM tunneling in soft rock is developed. The monitoring and warning method of squeezing deformation and TBM jamming disaster is put forward. A comprehensive prevention and control technology system of ‘large diameter over excavation, excavation parameter optimization and step by step combined supporting’ is proposed for large squeezing deformation and TBM jamming hazard.(4) The realtime sensing technology of rock-TBM interaction information(cutter head-roadway face interaction, surrounding rock-shield interaction)in TBM tunneling process is proposed, and the adaptive intelligent decision-making method for advance parameters is initially developed.The research progresses will promote the application of TBM tunneling in coal mine roadway construction and safe and efficient tunneling technology.