澳門地区兒童青少年屈光不正1130例分析

Analysis of 1130 children and adolescents with refractive errors in Macao region

目的瞭解澳門地區兒童青少年屈光狀況的分佈規律,為兒童青少年屈光不正的防控工作提供科學依據。方法收集2012年6月~2013年1月到本院眼科門診散瞳驗光檢查的3歲~18歲屈光不正患者共1,130例2,219眼的資料,並進行分析。結果3歲~6歲組的等效球鏡度中位數為+0.50D;7歲~12歲組的等效球鏡度中位數為-2.00D;13歲~18歲組的等效球鏡度中位數為-3.00D。3歲~6歲組屈光不正中遠視居首位,遠視與近視之比為1.07:1;7歲~12歲及13歲~18歲組則以近視為主,近視與遠視之比分別為9.90:1及18.89:1。散光與近視的轉歸截然不同,散光隨年齡增加變化不大,3歲~6歲組的散光中位數為+0.00D;7歲~12歲組的散光中位數為-0.50D;13歲~18歲組的散光中位數為-0.75D。本研究弱視(59例)佔2.7%,各年齡組弱視均以遠視眼為主,佔52.54%。結論隨着兒童青少年年齡增長,屈光狀態呈近視化發展。防治屈光不正應從學齡前期開始,對有屈光不正者,應儘早矯治。

Objective To study the distribution rule of refractive errors in children and adolescents in Macao and provide scientific basis for preventing refractive errors in children and adolescents.Methods To collect and analyse data of patients with refractive errors,aged from 3 to 18,and had mydriatic optometry check in the Department of Ophthalmology of Kiang Wu Hospital from June 2012 to January 2013.Samples were collected from 2219 eyes of 1130 cases.Results For the age group of 3-6 years,the median of spherical equivalent is+0.50D;for the age group of 7-12 years,the median of spherical equivalent is-2.00D;for the age group of 13-18 years,the median of spherical equivalent is-3.00D.Hyperopia in the age group of 3-6 years is in the first place,the ratio of hyperopia to myopia is 1.07:1;for the age group of 7-12 years and 13-18 years,the refraction status shows a majority of myopia,the ratios of hyperopia to myopia are 9.90:1 and 18.89:1 respectively.The outcomes of astigmatism and myopia are different.Astigmatism does not show a significant difference with increasing age.For the age group of 3-6 years,the median values of astigmatism is+0.00D;for the age group of 7-12 years,the median values of astigmatism is-0.50 D;for the age group of 13-18 years,the median values of astigmatism is-0.75D.In each age group,the majority of patients with amblyopia have hyperopia.And 52.54%of amblyopic patients have hyperopia.Conclusion The prevalence of myopia in refractive errors increases with increasing age in children and adolescents.The prevention of refractive errors should start at the preschool stage and should provide treatment for patients with refractive errors as early as possible.