下一代益生菌防治动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

Research progress in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis using next-generation probiotics

动脉粥样硬化是脂质和复合糖类沉积于大中动脉内壁的慢性代谢性疾病,其病机复杂且受多种危险因素影响,是心血管疾病的主要病理基础。近些年研究发现,肠道内的微生物可以通过多种途径如调节宿主代谢和炎症影响动脉粥样硬化进程,通过饮食干预、益生菌、益生元、粪菌移植等方式维持肠道菌群的动态平衡能够有效延缓动脉粥样硬化进展。其中下一代益生菌包括嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌、小克里斯滕森氏菌、普拉梭菌等非传统肠道菌群及经过基因编辑的设计型益生菌成为新的预防和治疗工具,是防治动脉粥样硬化的潜在的诊断和药理学靶点。

Atherosclerosis is a chronic metabolic disease in which lipids and complex carbohydrates are deposited on the inner wall of large and medium arteries.Its pathogenesis is complex and affected by various risk factors,and it is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease.Recent studies showed that the gut microbiota can affect the process of atherosclerosis through various mechanisms,including regulating host metabolism and inflammation.Maintaining the dynamic balance of the intestinal flora through dietary interventions,probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal-bacteria transplantation can effectively delay the progression of atherosclerosis.Among these approaches,next-generation probiotics,including Akkermansia muciniphila,Christensenia minuta,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and other non-traditional intestinal flora and gene-edited designer probiotics,have become new prevention and treatment tools.The gut microbiota thus presents a potential diagnostic and pharmacological target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.