体认视域下量词“把”的词义演变研究

The Meaning Extension of Classifier“ba”:The Embodied-Cognitive Perspective

本研究结合CCL语料库分别对“把”的集合量词、个体量词和动量词这三种形式的演变过程进行了历时分析发现,量词“把”的这三种形式在出现时间和计量对象方面都有所差异,而它们的计量对象都在不断增加和抽象化。我们进一步从体认视角分析发现,主客体间的多重互动贯穿于量词“把”的意义和概念的整个生成过程,从而使“把”完成了“动词义&名词义→集合量词义”“动词义→名词义→个体量词义(有柄事物)”“动词义→个体量词义(无柄事物)”和“动词义→动量词义”的词义转变过程。研究得出结论认为,在体认的多重互动作用下,认知主体基于反映相邻性的转喻机制实现了量词“把”的生成及其计量对象的抽象化。本文能为基于体认观研究词义演变提供参考并能为汉语外语教学提供指导。

Based on the CCL corpus,this study makes a diachronic analysis of the evolution of the three forms of classifier“ba”,that is,collective classifier,individual classifier and verbal classifier.The results show that the three forms of the classifies“ba”are different in terms of occurrence time and measurement objects.Besides,the measurement ranges of the three forms have been expanded and the measured objects have become more and more abstract.What is more,from the embodied-cognitive perspective,it is found that the multilevel interaction between the cognitive subject and the world works throughout the generative process of the meaning and concept,and that because of the multilevel embodied-cognitive interaction,the conceptual structure of classifier“ba”have been extended for several times.In this way,the meaning extension processes of the three forms of classifier“ba”,that is,“verbal and noun meaning→collective classifier meaning”,“verbal meaning→noun meaning→individual classifier meaning(things with handle)”,“verbal meaning→individual classifier meaning(things without handle)”and“verbal meaning→verbal classifier meaning”,have been completed.It is concluded that under the influence of the multilevel embodied-cognitive interaction,the generation of classifier“ba”and the abstraction of its measured objects have been realized based on the metonymic mechanism represented as the relationship of proximity.This research can provide reference for the study of word meaning evolution based on the embodied-cognitive view and provide guidance for teaching Chinese as a foreign language.