从中世纪到文艺复兴:《玫瑰之名》中的转型焦虑

From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance:The Anxiety over Transition in The Name of the Rose

《玫瑰之名》以历史书写元小说著称于世,它既有后现代元小说特征,又烛照中世纪晚期的欧洲社会现实。本文采用文化批评研究方法,对事实与虚构交织的文学文本“去神秘化”和“再语境化”,以此探寻当时的社会结构和文化政治。它聚焦中世纪向文艺复兴运动演进的转型期,探索新旧法则交替之际的西欧社会众生相。在生产力的推动下,城市市民和商业经济应运而生,引发教会内部价值观分流,僧侣阶级的混乱与争斗层出不穷。小说中多次提及罗杰·培根和托马斯·阿奎纳等中世纪文化巨人,他们重新发现亚里士多德的人文主义思想,以此来反抗教会的腐朽体制。本论文以这些为思辨资源,批驳宗教狂热、知识狂热、语言狂热等信仰激进现象,提倡尊重人性和理性的科学发展观,从而揭示中世纪社会变革和转型的历史必然性。

The Name of the Rose is characterized of historiographic metaficiton,containing both postmodern writing techniques and European reality in the late Middle Ages.This paper intends to demystify and recontextualize The Name of the Rose to explore history and politics at that time.It focuses on the transitional period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance in which western Europe was in chaos.With the development of productivity,citizens and commercialization emerge at the historic moment resulting in the value diversion inside the church and constant struggle among monastics as ruling class.Roger Bacon and Thomas Aquinas as two cultural heroes in the Middle Ages are repeatedly discussed in this novel to deconstruct fanaticism in religion,knowledge and language.They apply Aristotle’s ideas to fighting against decadent system in monasteries and promoting science and humanism,which proves social revolution and transformation are necessary in history.