白姜花生理生化和细胞结构变化与花衰老的相关分析

Association of Physiological and Biochemical Properties and Cell Microstructures With Cut Flowers Senscence of Hedychium coronarium

以白姜花二倍体和四倍体切花为试材,通过蒽酮比色法、酸性茚三酮法和透射电镜法比较切花发育过程中生理生化指标和显微特征,解析影响白姜花切花衰老的生理机制,以期进一步了解白姜花切花衰老机理。结果表明:随着瓶插时间延长,二倍体花瓣和旗叶的可溶性糖含量显著下降,四倍体保持相对稳定并高于二倍体;花瓣可溶性蛋白质含量变化不明显,四倍体含量高于二倍体;花瓣脯氨酸含量呈现升高趋势,二倍体花瓣脯氨酸含量高于四倍体。花瓣和花冠管丙二醛含量变化不明显,花瓣丙二醛含量高于花冠管;二倍体花瓣和花冠管丙二醛含量均高于四倍体。花冠管相对电导率显著升高发生早于花瓣,四倍体花瓣和花冠管相对电导率显著升高发生晚于二倍体。在萎蔫期花瓣细胞出现空腔化,各种细胞器结构消失,出现小泡或囊泡。综上,细胞自噬是花瓣和花冠管细胞膜透性增加的原因。较高的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量以及花瓣和花冠管细胞质膜破坏推迟等是小花弯颈和花瓣萎蔫延迟的因素之一,有利于切花寿命的延长。

Using anthrone reagent, acid ninhydrin, and transmission electron microscope, the physiological and biochemical properties and cell microstructures changes were tested and compared to interpret the senescence mechanism of cut flowers between the diploid and tetraploid Hedychium coronariums in order to further understand the aging mechanism of cut flower of Hedychium coronarium.The results showed that there were significant declines in the soluble sugar contents in flag leaves and petals of diploid, but not in the tetraploid.The soluble protein contents in petals of the diploid and tetraploid remained stable, while the content of tetraploid was more than that of the diploid.For the two ploidies, the contents of proline increased during the vase life, and the content of the diploid was more than that of the tetraploid.In the development, the contents of malonaldehyde in petals and corolla tubes did not change evidently.The contents of malonaldehyde in petals were more than those in corolla tubes in the two ploidies, and the contents of malonaldehyde in the two tissues of the diploid were more than those of the tetraploid.That the relative conductivities of corolla tubes increased significantly preceded that of petals.Compared to the diploid, the relative conductivity of tetraploid petal increased significantly in late development stage.In the wilting stage of the two ploidies, the cavities formed in petal cells, various organelle structures disappeared, and many vesicles were observed.Above all, the autophagy caused the increase of permeability of petal and corolla tube cell membranes which was one of the characteristics of programmed cell death.It was speculated that the delayed florets neck bending and petal wilting might be due to more soluble sugar and protein contents and the delay of the damage of cell membrane of petal and corolla which would be helpful for the longer vase life of Hedychium coronarium cut flowers.