多重污染源叠加影响下的河网地区水环境荧光有机污染物溯源

Traceability of Fluorescent Organic Pollutants in Water Environment of River Network Area under the Influence of Superposition of Multiple Pollution Sources

运用三维荧光光谱技术开展人居生活、工业、农业、水产等多重污染源叠加影响下的典型河网城市的污染溯源研究。按城市发展布局及河网特征,选取4个区域(城市中心、村镇区、郊区和临海区域)进行流域点位布设,根据荧光指纹及荧光特征参数等分析污染程度及来源。结果显示,案例城市水体中类蛋白质荧光强度高,水体中细菌类微生物含量较高,主要污染源为人居生活污染源,工业及水产影响较小。人口聚集度越高,对流域水环境负面影响越大。城市中心存在一定人居生活污水流入,郊区及临海区有类腐殖质荧光增强,提示周边有农业污染,且河道内源代谢活动如水生生物和微生物作用引起的河流腐殖化程度相对较高。建议进一步排查城市中心人居生活污染源排放情况,针对郊区及临海区施行河流清淤工程,并采取一定的农业工程措施处理郊区地表径流和排水。后续则需进一步构建和完善城市荧光指纹图谱库,用以保障地表水环境安全,防控水污染风险。

Using three-dimensionalfluorescence spectroscopy technology to carry out pollution traceability research of typical river network cities under the superposition of multiple pollution sources such as human settlements,industry,agriculture,aquatic products and so on.According to the urban development layout and river network characteristics,four areas(urban center,rural areas,suburbs and coastal areas)are selected for watershed point layout,and the pollution degree and source are analyzed according to thefluorescencefingerprint andfluorescence characteristic parameters.The results show that thefluorescence intensity of protein-like compounds in the water body of the city is high,and the content of bacteria and microorganisms in the water body is high.The main pollution source is human living pollution source,and the impact of industry and aquatic products is small.The higher the population concentration,the greater the negative impact on the water environment of the basin.There is a certain inflow of residential sewage in the urban center,and thefluorescence of humus like substances in the suburbs and coastal areas is enhanced,suggesting that there is agricultural pollution around,and the degree of river humification caused by endogenous metabolic activities in the river,such as the action of aquatic organisms and microorganisms,is relatively high.It is suggested to further investigate the discharge of domestic pollution sources in urban centers,implement river dredging projects for suburbs and coastal areas,and carry out certain agricultural engineering measures to deal with surface runoff and drainage in suburbs.Subsequently,it is necessary to further build and improve the urbanfluorescentfingerprint database to ensure the safety of surface water environment and prevent and control water pollution risks.