两种旅游扰动模式对荒漠草原植被及土壤的影响研究

Effects of two tourism disturbance models on vegetation and soil in desert steppe

荒漠草原作为草原向荒漠过渡的脆弱生态系统,同样具有很强的旅游价值,但相比其他草原类型,其生态系统抗旅游干扰能力更弱,受损后也更难恢复。因此文中以希拉穆仁故乡缘旅游点周边草原为研究对象,对不同扰动模式下的植物群落特征、土壤理化性质等进行研究。结果表明:两种干扰下,线性扰动模式的重度干扰区受到的影响最为明显,与对照相比其群落覆盖度、地上生物量分别下降了49.99%和79.26%,但生物多样性逐渐上升,土壤含水率下降了27.2%,土壤容重上升了15.66%,土壤紧实度则上升了2.38倍,土壤机械组成也逐渐以砂砾为主;其次为点源扰动模式的重度干扰区,其群落覆盖度和地上生物量对比对照分别下降39.06%和77.16%,土壤含水率下降27.2%,土壤容重上升了14.46%,土壤紧实度上升了2.11倍。因此,不同类型的旅游扰动对荒漠草原旅游点的植物群落特征、土壤理化性质、生物多样性指数均产生了负面影响,而几种模式中对线性扰动模式重度干扰区的影响更为强烈。因此提高旅游模式的利用和管理对于改善生态环境具有重要意义。

Desert steppe,as a fragile ecosystem in the state of transition from steppe to desert,also owns higher tourism value.However,compared with other types of grassland,its ecosystem is characterized by weaker ability of anti-tourism interference,and is more difficult to recover from deterioration.Therefore,we took the grassland around the tourist spot of Xilamuren’s hometown as the research object,and studied the characteristics of plant community and soil physical and chemical properties under different disturbance modes.The results showed that:under the two kinds of disturbances,the severely disturbed area under the linear disturbance model was affected mostly obviously,compared with the control,the coverage and aboveground biomass of community decreased by 49.99%and 79.26%,respectively.However,the biodiversity gradually increased,soil water content decreased by 27.2%,soil bulk density increased by 15.66%,and soil compactness increased by 2.38 times.The mechanical composition of soil was gradually gravel.The severely disturbed area under the point disturbance model was also affected obviously.Compared with control,the community coverage and aboveground biomass decreased by 39.06%and 77.16%,respectively,soil water content decreased by 27.2%,soil bulk density increased by 14.46%,and soil compacted degree increased by 2.11 times.It is indicates that different types of tourism disturbance have negative effects on the plant community characteristics,soil physical and chemical properties,and biodiversity index in desert steppe tourism sites,and such negative impact on the severely disturbed areas under linear disturbance mode is stronger.Therefore,improving the utilization and management of tourism mode is of great significance for improving the ecological environment.