基于网络关注度的新冠疫情对武汉旅游时空格局的影响

Impact of COVID-19 on spatio-temporal pattern of tourism in Wuhan:A network attention based study

网络关注度是公众现实关注和潜在需求的映射,对实际客流具有前兆效应,为多时空尺度的危机影响评估提供了新的手段。文中以88个关键词的网络关注度数据为基础,利用客源吸引半径、空间自相关、旅游本底趋势线模型等,从多时空尺度探究新冠疫情影响下武汉及其客源市场旅游时空格局的变化。研究发现:1)整体来看,疫情影响下武汉旅游网络关注度的受损程度一般;各景区网络关注度的受损程度存在明显差异,自然游憩类景区受损程度较小,文化场所、游乐园及远郊区景区受损程度相对较大。2)市内景区冷热点空间格局由“一核多中心”演变为“两中心”,自然旅游片区热度攀升,呈现出较好的恢复态势。3)武汉客源市场空间结构具有短期波动性和长期稳定性,在疫情暴发初期,空间影响范围扩大,冷点区增加,但随着疫情的有效控制,与疫情前的空间格局差异缩小。4)客源地空间距离与影响强度呈U型非线性关系,邻近客源地和远距离客源地遭受冲击较大。

Network attention is the mapping of the public’s real concern and potential demand,so,it has a precursory effect on the actual tourist flow,and provides a new means for crisis impact assessment at multiple spatio-temporal scales.Based on the network attention data of 88 keywords,this paper uses tourist attraction radius,spatial auto-correlation and tourism background trend line model to explore the changes in the spatio-temporal pattern of tourism in Wuhan and its tourist markets under the impact of the COVID-19.It is found that:1)Overall,the pandemic had less impact on tourism network attention for Wuhan,but its impact on tourism network attention for different scenic spots was heterogeneous,natural scenic spots were less affected,and cultural venues,amusement parks and remote suburban areas were affected relatively obviously.2)The spatial pattern of hot/cold areas for scenic spots in Wuhan evolved from"one core and many centers"to"two centers",with natural tourism areas being more popular and showing a better recovery.3)The spatial pattern of Wuhan’s tourist market is characterized by short-term volatility and long-term stability.At the initial stage of the outbreak,the scope of spatial influence expanded and the number of cold areas increased.However,with the effective control of the pandemic,difference of the spatial pattern between before and after the pandemic reduced.4)The spatial distance of tourist markets and the intensity of impact shows a U-shaped nonlinear relationship,with neighboring source markets and distant source markets suffering from greater impact.