我国温室气体监测技术应用及减排措施

Greenhouse gas monitoring application and emission reduction measures in China

二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体的过度排放会引发全球变暖等一系列环境问题,对温室气体进行监测具有重要意义,世界各国正在积极开展温室气体监测以及减排工作。尽管我国温室气体监测工作及技术起步晚于国外,但近几十年来,我国监测技术尤其是光学监测技术发展迅速,光谱学技术已然成为我国监测温室气体的重要方法,并在多场景、多领域得到应用。利用光学技术,通过大气本底观测、地面排放监测、地基观测以及高空探测等多种探测方式,能够获得温室气体空间分布、时序变化以及源汇信息,帮助理解温室气体变化的环境效应,为我国温室气体减排控排工作提供数据支持。为应对温室气体过度排放带来的环境问题,中国各级政府及机关出台了多项相关政策,针对工业、交通运输以及农业等不同行业提出了各种减排措施,并取得了一定的减排成效。

Excessive emissions of carbon dioxide,methane and other greenhouse gases will lead to a series of environmental problems such as global warming.It is of great significance to monitor greenhouse gases.Countries around the world are actively carrying out greenhouse gas monitoring and emission reduction work.Although Chinese greenhouse gas monitoring work and technology started later than that of foreign countries,in recent decades,Chinese monitoring technology,especially optical monitoring technology,has developed rapidly.Spectroscopy has become an important method to monitor greenhouse gases in China and has been applied in multiple scenarios and fields.Through various detection methods such as atmospheric background observation,ground emission monitoring,ground-based observation and high-altitude detection,the spatiotemporal variation and source and sink information of greenhouse gases could be obtained to help understand the environmental effects of greenhouse gas changes,and provide data support for the control and emission of greenhouse gases.In order to deal with the environmental problems caused by excessive emissions of greenhouse gases,it is essential to reduce carbon emissions in human production and life.To this end,Chinese governments and organs at all levels have issued a number of relevant policies and put forward various emission reduction measures for different industries such as industry,transportation and agriculture,and achieved certain emission reduction results.