聚烯烃塑料的氧化降解回收研究进展

Progress in oxidative degradation and recovery of polyolefin plastics

聚烯烃塑料由于其易于加工、价格低廉、性能突出等优良的特性,在社会生产和生活中都发挥着十分重要的作用,是当前使用最为广泛的一类塑料。聚烯烃塑料的主要原料是煤、石油等不可再生资源。废弃的聚烯烃塑料在自然环境中难以降解,并且会破碎成小颗粒流入湖泊、河流、海洋和土壤等带来微塑料污染问题,对生态环境和生物健康造成严重的影响和破坏。因此,从节约能源和保护环境两方面来讲,聚烯烃塑料的回收利用都是一个十分重要的课题。在聚烯烃塑料回收处理的方法中,氧化降解可以有效地将大分子的聚烯烃塑料降解生成高价值的小分子化工原料,实现聚烯烃塑料的资源化和高值化利用,同时也为环境中已经存在的微塑料污染问题提供了很好的解决办法。本文对聚烯烃塑料的氧化降解进行了研究,总结整理了近年来氧化降解相关的研究进展,分析探讨了化学氧化降解、生物氧化降解和光氧化降解三种氧化降解方法的反应过程、氧化机理和降解产物,并结合当前研究现状对未来聚烯烃塑料氧化降解回收的发展前景进行了展望。

Polyolefin plastics play an important role in both production and life due to the excellent characteristics,such as east processing,low price and outstanding performance.It has become the most widely used plastics at present.The main raw materials of polyolefin plastics are non-renewable resources such as coal and oil.Waste polyolefin plastics are difficult to degrade in the natural environment,and will break into small particles.The micro plastics are transferred into lakes,rivers,oceans and soil,which will cause serious impact and damage to the environment and the health of animals and plants.Therefore,in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection,the recycling of polyolefin plastics is a very important topic.Among the recycling methods of polyolefin plastics,oxidative degradation can effectively degrade macromolecular polyolefin plastics to generate high-value small molecule chemical raw materials,realize the recycling and high-value utilization of polyolefin plastics,and provide a good solution to the existing micro plastic pollution problem in the environment.In this paper,the oxidative degradation of polyolefin plastics is studied,and the research progress related to the oxidative degradation in recent years is summarized.The reaction process,oxidation mechanism and degradation products of three oxidative degradation methods,chemical oxidative degradation,biological oxidative degradation and photooxidative degradation,are analyzed and discussed.Based on the current research situation,the development prospect of the oxidative degradation and recovery of polyolefin plastics in the future is also prospected.