危险废物焚烧飞灰等离子体熔融试验

Experimental on plasma melting of fly ash from hazardous waste incineration

在额定处理投料量80 kg/h的等离子体熔融炉实验平台上对危险废物焚烧飞灰进行熔融玻璃化试验,研究飞灰熔融前后、 2次飞灰的微观形貌、玻璃体渣中重金属的固化特性和浸出特性。结果表明:经等离子体熔融后得到的玻璃体渣质地结实,光泽鲜亮,呈典型的玻璃质结构,主要成分为Si—Al—Ca化合物。玻璃体含量为98.2%,酸溶蚀率为0.2%,热酌减率为0.5%,重金属酸浸出和水浸出远低于国标规定的毒性浸出含量。所采用的等离子体熔融工艺对焚烧飞灰中重金属有很好的固化效果,2次飞灰产率为8.15%,主要成分为KCl和NaCl;冲渣水水质成分和重金属含量满足污水综合排放标准1级。证明等离子体熔融是1种危险废物焚烧飞灰处置的有效方法。

On the plasma furnace experimental platform with rated disposal capacity of 80 kg/h, the melting vitrification test of hazardous waste incineration fly ash was carried out. The micro morphology of fly ash before and after melting, secondary fly ash, solidification characteristics and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in vitreous slag were studied. The results show that the vitreous slag obtained by plasma melting has strong texture, bright luster, typical vitreous structure, and the main component is Si—Al—Ca compound. The vitreous content is 98.2%, the acid dissolution rate is 0.2%, and the thermal reduction rate is 0.5%. The acid leaching and water leaching of heavy metals are far lower than the toxic leaching content specified in the national standard. The plasma melting process adopted has a good solidification effect on the heavy metals in the incineration fly ash, the yield of secondary fly ash is 8.15%, and the main components are KCl and NaCl. The water quality composition and heavy metal content of the slag flushing water meet the specification for grade 1 in integrated wastewater discharge standar;The results prove that plasma melting is an effective method for the disposal of fly ash from hazardous waste incineration.