2015—2022年自贡市其他感染性腹泻流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Zigong City from 2015 to 2022

目的 分析自贡市其他感染性腹泻流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统收集自贡市其他感染性腹泻相关资料,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2015—2022年自贡市共报告其他感染性腹泻13 628例,年均报告发病率62.97/10万,历年报告发病率为43.77/10万~94.62/10万,总体呈上升趋势(Z=2.35,P<0.05)。报告发病率在冬春季和夏季形成2个高峰,其中冬春季为高峰,夏季为次高峰。报告病例以0~2岁儿童为主,占总报告病例数的63.84%(8 700/13 628);男、女报告病例数分别为7 444例和6 184例,年均报告发病率为69.37/10万和56.69/10万,男性报告病例数和平均报告发病率均高于女性。所有报告病例中病原体明确的占22.36%(3 047/13 628),其中95.31%(2 904/3 047)为病毒性感染,轮状病毒是检出率最高的病毒,占97.35%(2 827/2 904)。病毒感染主要发生在冬春季,细菌感染主要发生在夏季。共报告暴发疫情7起,均由诺如病毒引起。结论 自贡市其他感染性腹泻防控应以儿童为主要关注人群,不同季节应重点关注不同病原体。医疗机构须进一步提升对其他感染性腹泻的检测水平以及传染病报告的敏感性和规范性。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Zigong City for scientific evidence to formulate corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The data on other infectious diarrhea in Zigong City was retrieved through Infectious Disease Surveillance System under the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of13 628 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Zigong City from 2015 to 2022, with an average incidence of62.97/100 000 and an annual incidence of 43.77/100 000-94.62/100 000. The incidence showing an increasing trend from 2015 to 2022(Z=2.35,P<0.05). There were 2 waves for the reported cases, which peaked in spring and sub-peaked in summer. Children aged from 0 to 2 years were dominant in the reported cases, accounting for 63.84%(8 700/13 628)of the total reported cases. The reported cases were 7 444 for males, and 6 184 for females, with an average reported incidence of 69.37/100 000 and 56.69/100 000, and the incidence was higher in males than in females. The pathogen was clearly identified in 22.36%(3 047/13 628) of all reported cases, in which 95.31%(2 904/3 047) were associated with viral infection. Rotavirus was most seen, accounting for 97.35%(2 827/2 904) of the total infections. Virus infection mainly occurred in winter and spring, and bacterial infection mainly occurred in summer. A total of 7 outbreaks were reported,all of which were caused by norovirus. Conclusion Infectious diarrhea prevention and control in Zigong area should focus on children, and diverse pathogens should be monitored in different seasons. In addition, medical institutions shall further improve the level of testing for other infectious diarrhea and the standardization and sensitivity in reporting the infectious diseases.