人格特质对压力感知及心理健康状况的影响——以新冠病毒感染者为例

Influence of personality traits on stress perception and mental health:based on a survey of carriers with SARS-CoV-2

目的 探讨新冠病毒感染人群中人格特质对压力感知及心理健康状况的影响。方法 选取2022年3—10月安徽省芜湖市及安庆市新冠病毒感染者定点收治医院收住的新冠病毒感染者作为调查对象,采用一般情况调查表、大五人格量表、症状自评量表和压力感知量表进行调查。用线性回归法评价人格特质得分对于症状自评量表和压力感知量表得分的影响。结果 共发放130份问卷,回收有效问卷118份,有效回收率为90.8%。其中男性85人,女性33人;年龄为15~63岁,平均年龄为(34.85±10.99)岁;108人已接种新冠疫苗,10人未接种新冠疫苗;118人既往均无精神、神经、心理方面的疾病。症状自评量表平均得分为(119.25±49.04)分,其中22.03%(26/118)的调查对象症状自评量表筛查阳性;压力感知量表平均得分为(38.91±6.85)分,其中34.75%(41/118)的调查对象压力感知较高。神经质人格对症状自评量表和压力感知的正向预测作用具有统计学意义(β=0.516、0.282,P均<0.01),外向性、开放性、责任心对于压力感知的负向预测作用具有统计学意义(β=-0.371、-0.307、-0.477,P均<0.01)。结论 新冠病毒感染者存在压力感知过大和心理健康不良等问题,其人格特质对压力感知以及心理健康状况有一定影响,医护人员应给予高度重视。

Objective To investigate the influence of personality traits on stress perception and mental health in population SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in the designated hospitals of Wuhu City and Anqing City of Anhui Province were recruited from March to October of 2022, and undergone survey with general information questionnaire, NEO five factor inventory, symptom check list-90(SCL-90) and Pressure Perception Scale. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the score of personality traits on the scores of Symptom Checklist and Stress Perception Scale. Results A total of 130 copies of questionnaires were distributed, in which 118 valid copies were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.8%. Of the participants, 85 were men, and 33 were women. The age ranged from 15 to 63 years, with an average being(34.85±10.99) years. One hundred and eight patients had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine, and another 10 were not vaccinated. In addition, the 180participants had no history of mental, neurological or psychological conditions. The average scoring on SCL-90 was119.25±49.04, of which 22.03%(26/118) of the respondents were screened positive by SCL-90. The scoring on Pressure Perception Scale was 38.91 ± 6.85 on average, of which 34.75%(41/118) respondents had higher pressure perception.Neurotic personality had statistical significance in positive prediction of SCL-90 and stress perception(β = 0.516 and0.282, both P<0.01). Extraversion, openness and sense of responsibility had statistical significance in the negative prediction of stress perception(β=-0.371,-0.307,-0.477, all P<0.01). Conclusion The problems, including excessive pressure perception and poor mental health, may exist in population with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their personality traits have a certain impact on pressure perception and mental health. Our findings suggest that medical staff should be paid with high attention to their personality traits in a timely manner, and provision with corresponding intervention measures.