食育干预对北京某高校学生外卖行为及膳食营养素摄入的影响

Effects of food education intervention on take-out food behaviors and dietary nutrient intake of students in a college in Beijing

目的通过对北京市某高校学生进行食育干预,评价食育干预对改善外卖消费行为、饮食健康素养和膳食营养素摄入的效果。方法采用分层整群抽样,选择该校大一大二年级自愿参与“食育社团”的130人作为干预班开展为期4个月(2021年9月—12月)、共计14个主题的食育干预,未参与“食育社团”的87名学生作为对照班,于干预前后分别进行连续3 d24 h膳食回顾调查及“外卖饮食健康素养”调查。采用χ2检验、t检验或Mann-whitney秩和检验比较组间差异,检验水准α=0.05。结果干预班学生的外卖消费频率(5.17次/周)较干预前显著减少(3.62次/周),对香锅/火锅/麻辣烫、烧烤/炸串类等高盐、高油食物的消费频率较前降低(P<0.05);干预前学生对蔬果类、水产品、奶类食物的摄入仅达平衡膳食宝塔推荐值下限的40%~60%,干预后均显著提高(P<0.001),但畜禽肉摄入仍超出推荐水平上限的37.72%;干预后能量和各膳食营养素摄入达标者均显著增加(P<0.05),但钠摄入偏高者仍有58.46%;干预后营养认知正确率和营养点餐态度均明显改善(P<0.01);三餐规律、进餐时间、夜宵频率也较干预前明显改善(P<0.05),但“每周运动次数≥5次”的人数仅有28.46%。结论食育干预对改善大学生外卖消费行为、提升饮食相关健康素养、改善膳食营养素摄入水平有一定积极作用。

Objective To evaluate the effect of food education on improving take-out food consumption behaviors,dietary health literacy and nutrient intake in students of a college in Beijing.Methods The intervention group included 130 students of different grades who volunteered to participate in the“Food Education Association”in the school to conduct a 4-month food education intervention with a total of 14 topics.The control group recruited 87 students who did not participate in the“Food Education Association”.Participants were asked to finish a 3 d 24 h dietary retrospective survey and a“take-out dietary health literacy”questionnaire survey.Chi-square test,t test or Mann-whitney rank sum test was used for comparision,with the test levelα=0.05.Results After the intervention,the frequency of take-out food consumption of the students dropped in the intervention group(5.17times/week vs.3.62 times/week),and the frequency of consumption of high oil,high salt and high calorie foods was also reduced(P<0.05).Before the intervention,the intake of fruits,vegetables,aquatic products and milk food only reached 40%~60%of the lower limit of the recommended value,and increased significantly after the intervention(P<0.001),but the intake of livestock and poultry meat still exceeded 37.72%of the upper limit of the recommended value.After the intervention,the intake of energy and dietary nutrients increased significantly(P<0.05),but the sodium intake remains high(58.46%).The correct rate of nutrition cognition and nutritional ordering attitude after intervention were significantly higher than that before intervention(P<0.01).The regularity of three meals,meal time and night snack frequency were significantly improved compared with those before the intervention(P<0.05),but only 28.46%of the people had exercise≥5 times per week.Conclusions Food education has a positive effect on improving college students′take-out food consumption behaviors,diet related health literacy and dietary nutrient intake.