2021年四川省疫苗冷链设备和免疫规划人员配置情况

Vaccine cold chain equipment and immunization planning staffing in Sichuan Province 2021

目的 评估四川省疫苗冷链设备和人员配置及培训情况,为完善冷链系统建设、科学配置疫苗储存运输设施设备提供依据。方法 利用中国免疫规划信息管理系统和四川省免疫规划信息表,收集截至2021年12月31日四川省疾病预防控制机构和预防接种单位所有冷链设备信息,描述性分析每万人配置数、每万平方公里配置数、平均使用年限、免疫规划人员专兼职比例、技术职称、平均每人每年培训天数和次数等指标。结果 2021年四川省每万人冷链设备配置数为2.86个,除川中地区外,其余地区均高于2020年全国平均配置数;四川省疫苗冷库、疫苗冰箱、冷藏箱/包、冷藏车/运输车、发电机每万人口数量均高于全国平均配置水平。虽然2021年四川省疫苗冷库、疫苗冰箱、冷藏箱/包、疫苗冷藏车/运输车和发电机总装备数较2018年均有增长,且增长处于33.70%~82.67%;疫苗冷库、疫苗冰箱总容积分别增长为59.46%和916.57%;但疫苗冷库、疫苗冰箱、冷藏箱/包、疫苗冷藏车/运输车、发电机平均使用年限(中位数)分别为6.81年、8.09年、11.77年、6.34年和4.82年,均高于全国平均水平,设备趋于老化,且按地区分布统计,设备配置不平衡,川中地区为2.5/每万人配置,而川西地区为4.70/每万人配置。疫苗冷库、疫苗冰箱、冷藏箱/包、冷藏车/运输车虽均有温度监测设备,但温度监测自动化较弱,除冷库(100%)外,其它冷链设备的自动温度监测配置率均在73.41%以下。免疫规划人员中初级职称占90.83%,中级、高级及以上分别仅占7.36%和1.81%;且兼职人员占79.18%;免疫规划人员每年接受专业知识培训平均0.08 d(3.15人次)。结论 《疫苗管理法》实施前后,四川省疫苗冷链设备配置数量和容积增长明显,满足了冷链正常运转,保障了疫苗的质量安全,但部分地区冷链设备平均使用年限长,设备老化、更新较慢,且温度监测自动化率较低,需及时补充和更新,提高智能温控的使用率;各级卫生行政部门应加大人力资源的合理配备,加强培训,提高人员专业水平。

Objective To assess the vaccines cold chain equipment,staffing and personnel training in Sichuan Province,so as to provide a basis for improving the construction of cold chain system and scientifically allocating vaccine storage and transportation facilities.Methods The China Immunization Program Information Management System and Sichuan Immunization Program Information Sheet were used,the information on all cold chain equipment in disease prevention and control agencies and vaccination units in Sichuan province as of December 31,2021 was collected,and descriptive analysis was conducted on the number of units per 10 000 people,the number of units per 10 000square kilometers,the average service life,the proportion of full-time and part-time immunization planners,technical titles,the average training days and times per person per year,and other indicators.Results In 2021,the number of cold chain devices deployed per 10 000 people in Sichuan Province was 2.86,which was higher than that of the national average in 2020 except for the central of Sichuan region.The number of vaccine cold storage,vaccine refrigerator,refrigerator/bag,refrigerator truck/transport truck and generator per 10 000 population were all higher than that of the national average level.In 2021,compared with 2018,the total equipment of vaccine cold storage,vaccine refrigerator,refrigerator/package,vaccine refrigerated truck/transport truck and generator increased by 33.70% to 82.67%.The total volume of vaccine cold storage and vaccine refrigerator increased to 59.46% and 916.57%,respectively.However,the average service life(median)of vaccine cold storage,vaccine refrigerator,refrigerator/bag,vaccine refrigerated truck/transport truck and generator was 6.81 years,8.09 years,11.77 years,6.34 years and 4.82 years,respectively,which were all higher than that of the national average level.The equipment tended to be aging,and according to regional distribution statistics,the equipment configuration was unbalanced.The ratio in central Sichuan region was 2.5 per 10 000 people,while that in western Sichuan was 4.70per 10 000 people.Although there were temperature monitoring equipment in vaccine cold storage,vaccine refrigerator,refrigerator box/bag and refrigerator truck/transport truck,the automation of temperature monitoring was weak.Except cold storage(100%),the allocation rate of automatic temperature monitoring of other cold chain equipment was below 73.41%.Among the immunization planners,90.83% were junior,7.36% were intermediate,and 1.81% were senior or above,and part-time workers accounted for 79.18%.The immunization planners receive an average of 0.08 days(3.15 person-times) of professional training per year.Conclusions Before and after the implementation of the Vaccine Management Law,the number and volume of vaccine cold chain equipment in Sichuan province increased significantly,which satisfied the normal operation of the cold chain and ensured the quality and safety of vaccines.However,the average service life of cold chain equipment in some areas was long,the equipment was aging and updated slowly,and the automation rate of temperature monitoring was low.Therefore,timely supplement and update were needed to improve the utilization rate of intelligent temperature control.Health administrative departments at all levels should increase the reasonable allocation of human resources,strengthen training and improve the professional level of personnel.