兒童抽動障礙臨床症狀及腦電圖分析

Clinical and electroencephalogram analysis of 233 cases of tic disorder in children

目的探討兒童抽動障礙的臨床症狀特點與腦電圖結果的關係。方法回顧分析自2016年7月~2020年11月到本院兒科門診就診抽動障礙兒童的起病年齡、臨床症狀和腦電圖結果。結果兒童抽動障礙病例共233例,平均起病年齡6.4歲,男女比例為3.7:1,76%有不自主眨眼,是最常見的抽動症狀,178例進行腦電圖檢查,腦電圖異常佔7.9%,包括慢波增多2.8%,癇樣放電5.1%。不同性別、年齡、抽動形式的腦電圖慢波異常和癇樣放電發生率差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。結論兒童抽動障礙的診斷依靠臨床特點,腦電圖是常用的輔助檢查,少數抽動障礙兒童腦電圖可見癇樣放電,利用長程視頻腦電圖明確癇樣放電與不自主動作沒有鎖時關係,可協助排除癲癇性抽搐。

Objective To study the clinical features and electroencephalogram characteristics of tic disorder in children.Methods A retrospective analysis of the cases of tic disorder diagnosed from July 2016 to November 2020 in Kiang Wu Hospital.Results 233 cases of tic disorder were reviewed.The average age was 6.4 years old,male to female ratio was 3.7:1.76%of patients had eye blinking,which was the most frequent symptom.The abnormal rate of electroencephalogram was 7.9%.The rate of abnormal background and epileptic discharge were 2.8%and 5.1%,respectively.There was no significant statistical difference in the abnormal electroencephalogram results between males and females,different age groups,and clinical symptoms(P>0.01).Conclusion The diagnosis of a tic disorder is based on the clinical feature.An electroencephalogram can make the differential diagnosis between tic disorder and epileptic seizure.Few number of patients with tic disorder will have epileptic discharge.