澳門地区某巴士公司男性車長健康問卷調查結果分析

Analysis of results of a health questionnaire of male drivers from a bus company in Macao

目的通過了解巴士車長的體重、體重指數(BMI)、腹圍以及吸煙、飲酒、運動等生活習慣、高血壓、糖尿病患病率等健康狀況,為制定健康促進措施提供依據。方法對澳門391位30歲~64歲男性車長進行體重、BMI、腹圍的測量,以及生活習慣、病史等方面的問卷調查,以2015年澳門市民體質監測報告中同年齡組的男性為對照組,比較車長和對照組的體重、BMI、腹圍、高血壓及糖尿病患病率、吸煙、飲酒及參加體育鍛煉的情況。結果車長的體重、BMI及腹圍均高於對照組,糖尿病患病率(10.2%)高於對照組(5.5%),高血壓病患病率(21.0%)低於對照組(30.2%)。車長的吸煙率(31.0%)高於對照組(23.3%),其中40歲~49歲組車長的吸煙率(37.4%)明顯高於其他年齡組。吸煙年期≥15年的車長佔80.9%,每天吸煙量≥10支的車長佔67.7%,亦高於對照組。車長的飲酒率(35.3%)低於對照組(50.1%)。參加體育鍛煉的車長佔75.5%,低於對照組(80.3%),差別主要出現在60歲~64歲組;“經常參加體育鍛煉者”的車長佔14.1%,亦明顯少於對照組(18.5%)。結論與澳門地区的一般市民相比,車長超重、中央型肥胖的情況明顯較嚴重,糖尿病患病率、吸煙率、吸煙量、吸煙年限高,參加體育鍛煉的比例低,因此,車長罹患心腦血管疾病的風險高。巴士公司應重視對車長的健康教育及管理,達到健康促進的目的,降低因車長健康狀況引發交通意外的風險。

Objective Analyze the weight,body mass index(BMI)and waistline,smoking,drinking,physical activities,lifestyle habits and the prevalence of hypertension,diabetes of bus drivers,to provide evidence of health promotion.Methods Besides of measurements of weight,BMI and waistline,a questionnaire survey was conducted on male drivers aged 30 to 64 years old in Macao in terms of medical history,habits of smoking,drinking and physical activities,the control group was the same age from the male citizens in the Macao Citizens'Physical Fitness Monitoring Report in 2015.Results Compared with the control group,the weight,BMI,waistline and the prevalence of diabetes of bus drivers were higher,whereas the prevalence of hypertension was lower.The smoking rate(31.0%),years of smoking and cigarette consumption of bus drivers were higher than the control group.Compared with other age groups,the smoking rate of the 40-49 years age group was the highest.The drinking rate of bus drivers was lower than the control group.There were 75.5%of the bus drivers participated in physical activities,lower than the control group.The difference was mainly in the 60-64 years old group.The participation rate in regular physical activities of the bus drivers was 14.1%,also lower than the control group.Conclusion Compared with local citizens in Macao,the condition of overweight and abdominal obesity of bus drivers were worse.In addition of the prevalence of diabetes,the smoking rate,years of smoking and cigarette consumption of bus drivers were higher,participation rate in physical activities was lower conversely,the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in local bus drivers are higher.The bus company should pay more attention to the health education and management of the bus drivers,so as to achieve the purpose of health promotion and reduce the risk of traffic accidents caused by the health problems of bus drivers.