人力资本积累与服务业劳动生产率关系探究——基于服务消费与技术创新的双重视角

The Relationship between Human Capital Accumulation and Labor Productivity in Service Industry:Based on the Dual Perspective of Service Consumption and Technological Innovation

在服务经济领域,服务业因其劳动生产率增长相对滞后而导致的“成本病”问题一直受到广泛关注。从人力资本角度来看,人力资本作为经济增长和高质量发展的长期动力,其外部性主要体现在技术创新效应和消费溢出效应两方面。基于2005—2019年我国省级动态面板数据,实证考察人力资本积累与服务业劳动生产率的内在关系。研究发现,人力资本积累通过促进服务消费和加快技术创新来提高服务业劳动生产率,进而有助于缓解“鲍莫尔成本病”问题。为了更加清晰地描绘这种关系,将服务业划分为生产性服务业和消费性服务业并分别进行考察,发现人力资本的积极作用和作用机制在生产性服务业中更加显著。加大服务业人力资本投资,完善劳动者技能和教育培训体系等公共服务保障,缩小高技能劳动者与低技能劳动者之间的技能差距,是提高服务业劳动生产率的重要途径。

"Cost disease" caused by lagging labor productivity growth of service industry has been widely concerned in the service economy field. In the human capital field, as the long-term driving force of economic growth and high-quality development, human capital’s externalities are mainly reflected in technological innovation effect and consumption spillover effect. This study examined the intrinsic relationship between human capital accumulation and labor productivity in the service industry based on the Chinese provincial dynamic panel data from 2005 to 2019. The results show that the accumulation of human capital can improve labor productivity in the service industry by increasing service consumption and accelerating technological innovation, thus alleviating the problem of "Baumol cost disease". Moreover,service sector is divided into productive and consumer services sectors for separate examination in this study to better depict said intrinsic relationship. Further empirical analysis reveals that positive role and mechanism of human capital act more significant function in productive services. Hence, this study concludes that increasing human capital investment in the service industry, improving public service protection system, such as providing education and training to improve workers’ professional skills,narrowing professional level gap between high-skilled and low-skilled workers are important ways to boost labor productivity in the service industry.