下肢压力泵的不同应用时间对长期卧床老年患者下肢深静脉血栓的预防效果

Effect of different application time of lower limb pressure pump on the prevention of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in elderly bedridden patients

目的分析下肢压力泵的不同应用时间对预防长期卧床老年患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2020年1月期间于厦门大学附属第一医院住院的102例长期卧床老年患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分组,分为对照组(51例)和观察组(51例)。2组患者均采用常规护理+下肢压力泵护理,其中对照组下肢压力泵使用频率为每日2次,每次1 h;观察组为每日1次,每次连续使用12 h。比较2组护理前后的下肢DVT发生情况、血清D-二聚体水平、下肢肿胀及疼痛情况,并统计护理满意率。结果观察组患者的下肢DVT的发生时间晚于对照组(P<0.05)。护理2周后,2组患者的大、小腿周径均较护理前减小(P均<0.05),且观察组均小于对照组(P均<0.05)。与护理前相比,2组患者在护理1周和2周后的数字疼痛评分法(NRS)评分和血清D-二聚体水平均降低(P均<0.05),且2组患者在护理2周后的上述指标均低于护理1周后(P均<0.05);观察组在护理1周和2周后的NRS评分及血清D-二聚体水平均低于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。2组患者的护理满意率均大于90%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论延长下肢压力泵的使用时间,可以有效推迟长期卧床老年患者下肢DVT的发生,并使其腿部肿胀、疼痛程度及血清D-二聚体水平降低。

Objective To analyze the effect of different application time of lower limb pressure pump on the prevention of lower limb deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in elderly bedridden patients.Methods A total of 102 elderly bedridden patients who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled.They were divided into the control group(51 cases)and the observation group(51 cases)through random number table method.Both groups were treated with routine nursing and lower limb pressure pump nursing.The lower limb pressure pump was used twice daily for 1 hr each in the control group and was used once daily for 12 hrs in the observation group.The incidence of lower limb DVT,serum D-dimer level,and lower limb swelling and pain of the two groups were compared before and after nursing,and the nursing satisfaction rate was measured.Results After 2 weeks of nursing,the occurrence time of lower limb DVT in the observation group was later than that in the control group(P<0.05).After 2 weeks of nursing,the circumference of thigh and leg of both groups decreased compared with that before nursing(all P<0.05),and the circumference of the observation group was less than that of the control group(both P<0.05).Compared with those before nursing,the scores of Numeric Rating Scale(NRS)and serum level of D-dimer in both groups decreased after 1 and 2 weeks of nursing(all P<0.05),and the above parameters in both groups after 2 weeks of nursing were lower than those after 1 week of nursing(all P<0.05).The NRS scores and serum D-dimer level in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 1 and 2 weeks of nursing(all P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction rate of both groups was more than 90%,with no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Prolonging the use of lower limb pressure pump can effectively delay the occurrence of lower limb DVT in elderly bedridden patients,relieve their leg swelling and pain,and reduce their serum D-dimer level.