外源γ-氨基丁酸通过调节肠道菌群改善神经系统疾病研究进展

Research Progress of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Improving Neurological Diseases by Regulating Intestinal Flora

外源γ-氨基丁酸能否进入大脑区域存在一定的争议,随着“微生物-肠-脑轴”概念的提出,提示外源γ-氨基丁酸可以通过口服等方式进入机体,调节肠道微环境,为其影响中枢系统、治疗神经系统疾病提供了一个新思路。目前,以微生物方法制备的γ-氨基丁酸可以作为新食品原料应用于部分食品,且已逐渐开发富含γ-氨基丁酸的功能性食品。大量文献证实,摄入一定量的γ-氨基丁酸可影响神经系统功能,具备改善睡眠质量、抑郁样行为、行为及认知障碍等生理功效。本文从外源γ-氨基丁酸的制备方法、与肠道菌群之间的关系、通过肠道菌群对相关神经系统疾病的影响及可能作用机制进行综述,以期为γ-氨基丁酸在药物和功能食品中的应用提供参考。

There has been a controversy as to whether exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid can enter brain regions.The concept of"microbe-gut-brain axis"suggestes that exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid is able to enter the body through oral administration.Theγ-aminobutyric acid is subsequently involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal microenvironment,which benefits the central system and provides treatment for neurological diseases.Currently,theγ-aminobutyric acid prepared by microbial method can be used as a new food raw material in certain foods and functional foods rich inγ-aminobutyric acid has been gradually developed.Literature confirms that the intake of a certain amount ofγ-aminobutyric could affect nervous system function including improvement of sleep quality,depression-like behavior,behavior and cognitive disorders.This paper is to provide reference for the application ofγ-aminobutyric acid in medicine and functional food with the focus on GABA preparation,the relationship betweenγ-aminobutyric acid and intestinal flora,the effects of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid on nervous system through intestinal flora and its preparation methods.