基于南极科考经验的北极医疗保障问题思考

Reflections on Arctic medical security based on Antarctic scientific research experience

目的分析南极科考医疗保障常见问题,思考未来北极医疗保障可能遇到的困难,提出针对性地预先准备工作建议。方法通过阅读文献了解我国南极科考医疗保障中所遇到的相应医疗问题,结合高纬度寒区卫勤保障工作相关经验,围绕在北极地区执行保障任务提出相应建议。结果睡眠障碍、胃肠道紊乱、作业外伤和心理异常是南极科考工作中发生率较高的医学问题,北极卫勤保障可能遇到低体温伤员识别、伤员防寒保暖及复温和未知感染性疾病等问题,做好北极医疗保障工作准备,可以从制定培训教育计划、提前进行知识储备,关注救护人员防护、重视伤员保温技能,提前制定方案预案、预先展开勤务研究3个方面着手。结论认识北极特殊条件下医疗保障的特殊性,提高单兵保障水平,科学准备、严格训练,可以在一定程度上提升或保持寒冷条件下的作业力。

Objective To analyzes the common problems of medical security in Antarctic scientific research,considers the possible difficulties of medical security in the Arctic in the future,and puts forward targeted pre preparation suggestions.Methods Through reading the literature to understand the corresponding medical problems encountered in the medical security of Antarctic scientific research in China,combined with the relevant experience of medical support in high latitude cold areas,puts forward corresponding suggestions on the implementation of support tasks in the Arctic.Results Sleep disorders,gastrointestinal disorders,occupational injuries and psychological abnormality are the medical problems with high incidence in the Antarctic expedition.The Arctic medical support may encounter problems such as identification of low temperature patients,cold prevention and warmth protection for the wounded,and recovery of unknown infectious diseases.We should pay attention to the protection of ambulance personnel,the thermal insulation skills of the wounded and formulate plans in advance and carry out service research in advance.Conclusion Understanding the particularity of medical support under special conditions in the Arctic,improving the level of individual support,scientific preparation and strict training can improve or maintain the working ability under cold conditions to a certain extent.