北京八大处地区春季花粉过敏症的临床特点分析

Clinical characteristics of spring pollen allergy in Badachu Area,Beijing

目的分析北京八大处地区春季花粉过敏症的临床特点,为制定综合性治疗方案提供依据。方法比对空气春季花粉监测结果与门诊过敏患者人数,在花粉浓度高峰期进行患者症状问卷调查。结果门诊过敏患者人数随空气中花粉浓度的变化而变化,进行问卷调查的春季鼻结膜炎过敏患者以中青年男性为主,57.4%病程在3年以内,绝大多数患者表现为春季发作。10.3%的患者曾进行过敏原检测,2.9%的患者进行了脱敏治疗。春季过敏性鼻结膜炎患者的症状几乎全部累及眼、鼻两个器官(100%和97.1%),58.8%的患者伴有咽部症状,39.7%的患者出现呼吸道症状,17.6%的患者伴有皮肤症状,见表2。最常见的受累器官为“眼+鼻”(33.8%),其次为“眼+鼻+咽+呼吸道”(23.5%)和“眼+鼻+咽”(17.6%)。结论北京八大处地区春季3月出现的树木花粉播散导致了花粉症的流行,主要累及眼鼻部,在临床中应当根据地区特点采取综合性预防和治疗措施。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of spring pollen allergy in Badachu Area,Beijing.Methods Questionnaire survey,including the history of present illness,history of past illness,family history,clinical manifestations,etc.,was conducted among 272 of the 712 patients of pollinosis in Badachu Area,Beijing,during the period from 15 March to 15 April 2020.Air pollen concentration monitoring data were collected.Statistical analysis was done with the medical software SPSS 20.Results Peaking from mid-month of March to mid-month of April,the air-borne pollen concentration was correlated with the number of patients of pollinosis.Of the patients,95.6%was male,41.2%was aged 20~30,and 39.7%aged 30~40,most with the attacks in spring,57.4%reported a course of disease within 3 year,all showed the involvement of eyes and nose.58.8%showed the symptoms of throat,and 39.7%showed the symptoms of respiratory tract.Conclusion In Badachu Area,pollenosis mainly attacks the male young and middle-aged persons,ad mostly involves the eyes.nose,throat,and respiratory tract.