多轮总规主导下苏式老工业住区的空间演变——以兰州市西固工人福利区为例

Spatial Evolution of Soviet-Style Aged Industrial Residence under the Multi-Turn Comprehensive Plans:A Case Study of Worker’s Welfare Area of Xigu District,Lanzhou

从兰州市四个版本的城市总体规划中可以看出兰州西固工人福利区规划思想从“苏联模式向苏联模式本土化”到“法定化和市场经济向多方模式混合、空间品质和遗产保护”,用地布局从“服务设施隐性布局和用地分类模块化布局”到“服务设施显性布局和用地分类按地籍划分”,空间形态从“小街坊和周边式”到“多种空间形态拼贴形成的组合式”的演变历程。总规主导福利区建筑空间形成,并主导、引导或影响了其空间形态分异、空间布局多元化和空间功能“梯次重构”。在存量空间中谋求保护与发展的动态平衡,应是西固工人福利区这一“多元复合型”大居住社区的必然选择。

From the four versions of the overall urban planning of Lanzhou,it can be seen that the planning idea of Xigu Workers’Welfare Zone in Lanzhou has changed from"the Soviet model to the Soviet model localization"to"the legalization and market economy to market-oriented thought to multi-mode hybrid planning thought",and the land use layout has changed from"recessive facilities and modular land layout"to"dominant facilities and cadastral-oriented land category",The evolution process of spatial form is from"small neighborhood and peripheral"to"combination of multiple spatial forms".The form of welfare area has gone through a process from"small scale neighborhood and peripheral pattern"to"patterns formed by combination of multiple shapes".The comprehensive plan dominates the formation of the building space in the welfare area,and leads,guides or influences the differentiation of its spatial form,the diversification of spatial layout and the"echelon reconstruction"of spatial functions.This paper considered that it is an inevitable choice for Xigu Worker’s welfare area to keep a dynamic balance between preservation and development with a minimum economic cost as a"diversified and complex"large residential community..