疫情背景下德国铁路公司运营管理创新及对我国铁路的启示

Research on Innovation of Operation and Management of Deutsche Bahn AG and Its Enlightenment for Chinese Railways Under COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠疫情对各国铁路行业产生巨大的冲击,德国铁路公司在欧洲铁路运输市场的地位举足轻重,以德国铁路公司探析疫情背景下铁路运营特点,通过分析德国铁路公司业务构架,研究疫情对德国运输业的影响,深入分析德国铁路公司客运、货运、基础设施业务板块运营特点,研究发现2020—2021年疫情期间,德国铁路公司运营收入呈现先降后升的发展态势,德铁信可贡献率高达49%,长途客运业务板块受疫情影响最为严重,德国铁路公司运营利润呈现亏损状态,但2021年亏损金额同比明显收窄,其中德铁信可运营利润同比增长46.5%,研究形成对我国铁路的经验启示,即:提升运输准时率、提供多元化服务产品、全球化发展、丰富业务模式。

The COVID-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the railway industries of various countries.Deutsche Bahn AG(DB for short) plays a pivotal role in the European railway transportation market.This paper probed into the operation features of the railway industry under the COVID-19 pandemic by taking DB as an example.It analyzed the business structure of DB,the impact of the pandemic on different transportation modes in Germany,and the operational characteristics of passenger,freight,and infrastructure business segments.The results show that the operating revenue of DB had a momentum of first decrease and then increase during 2020—2021 when the pandemic still spread,and the contribution rate of DB Schenker was as high as 49%.The business segment of long-distance passenger transport was hardest hit by the pandemic,and DB showed a deficit regarding operating profit.However,the amount of loss was reduced over the same period in 2021.Particularly,the operating income of DB Schenker had a year-on-year increase of 46.5%.The research brings experience and enlightenment to Chinese railways,namely improving transportation punctuality,providing diversified service products,promoting global development,and enriching business modes.