15种农药对家蚕的安全性评价

Safety evaluation of 15 pesticides on silkworm

[目的]明确15种农药对家蚕的安全性,为蚕业生产使用农药提供科学依据,为桑园筛选新型农药提供参考。[方法]采用食下毒叶法测定15种农药对2龄蚕的急性毒性,根据农药对家蚕的毒性和风险大小分级。[结果]丁硫克百威、甲维·吡丙醚、噻虫胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺96 h LC_(50)分别为0.200、0.014、0.122、0.008 mg/L,为剧毒级别,具有极高风险性;呋虫胺、溴氰·噻虫啉96 h LC_(50)分别为1.505、2.292 mg/L,为高毒级别,具有极高风险性;吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺96 h LC_(50)分别为27.769、111.338 mg/L,为中毒级别,具有高风险性;丙环唑、噻呋酰胺、三唑酮、草铵膦96 h LC_(50)分别为228.185、202.154、494.130、230.853 mg/L,为低毒级别,其中噻呋酰胺、三唑酮具有中等风险性,丙环唑、草铵膦为高风险性;螺螨酯、异菌脲、草甘膦96 h LC_(50)分别为>2400、>4000、>1200 mg/L,为低毒级别和低风险性。[结论]丁硫克百威、甲维·吡丙醚、噻虫胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺在桑园及附近应禁止使用;呋虫胺、溴氰·噻虫啉、吡唑醚菌酯、咪鲜胺、丙环唑、草铵膦在桑园应禁止使用,在桑园周边应谨慎使用;噻呋酰胺、三唑酮、螺螨酯、异菌脲、草甘膦可作为桑园药物使用。

[Aims] This study aims to identify the safety of 15 pesticides on silkworm to provide scientific basis for using of pesticides in sericulture production and screening of new pesticides for pest control in mulberry gardens. [Methods] The acute toxicity of 15 pesticides to silkworm was determined by eating poisonous leaves, then these pesticides were classified according to the toxicity and risk of pesticides on silkworm. [Results] The 96 h LC_(50)of carbosulfan,emamectin benzoate ·pyriproxyfen, clothianidin and chlorantraniliprole were 0.200, 0.014, 0.122, 0.008 mg/L respectively, they were highly toxicity and extremely high risk to silkworm. The 96 h LC_(50)of dinotefuran and deltamethrin·thiacloprid were 1.505 and 2.292 mg/L respectively, they were highly toxicity and extremely high risk to silkworm. The 96 h LC_(50)of pyraclostrobin and prochloraz were 27.769 and 111.338 mg/L respectively, they were moderate toxicity and high risk to silkworm. The 96 h LC_(50)of propiconazole, thifluzamide, triadimefon and glufosinate ammonium were 228.185, 202.154, 494.130 and 230.853 mg/L respectively, which were low toxicity to silkworm.Among them, thifluzamide and triadimefon were moderate risk, propiconazole and glufosinate ammonium were high risk. The 96 h LC_(50)of spirodiclofen, iprodione and glyphosate were >2400, >4000, >1200 mg/L respectively, they were low toxicity and low risk to silkworm. [Conclusions] Carbosulfan, emamectin benzoate·pyriproxyfen, clothianidin and chlorantraniliprole should not be used near mulberry gardens. Dinotefuran, deltamethrin·thiacloprid, pyraclostrobin,prochloraz, propiconazole and glufosinate ammonium should not be used in mulberry gardens and should be used cautiously around mulberry gardens. Thifluzamide, triadimefon, spirodiclofen, iprodione and glyphosate can be used as mulberry pesticides.