无人机低容量喷雾技术对蓟马及番茄斑萎病毒的防治效果

The control effect of UAV low volume spray technology on thrips and TSWV

[目的]为探索在不同农药制剂浓度下无人机(UAV)对烟草传毒蓟马和番茄斑萎病毒(TSWV)防治效果的影响,同时探明蓟马和TSWV的有效防治节点及防治方式。[方法]根据蓟马和TSWV发生特点,遵循全区域、周期性防治试验原则,以蓟马数和病情指数为指标,应用UAV测试4种农药对蓟马和TSWV的田间防治效果。[结果]在不同药液处理下的UAV和人工防治组中,交替使用1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、1.7%阿维·吡虫啉微乳剂、5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂、30%吡丙·呋虫胺可溶液剂4种药剂,处理1(UAV药剂推荐用药量)、处理2(UAV药剂推荐用药量减量25%)和处理4(人工防治药剂推荐用药量)的蓟马及TSWV防治效果均无显著差异,3个处理的蓟马防效均在83.16%以上,3个处理的TSWV病情指数由空白对照组的8.64±1.37下降到了3以下,均达到防治指标,但处理3(UAV药剂推荐用药量减量50%)未达到防治指标;空白对照区内的TSWV病情指数随着蓟马活若虫数量的增加而升高,存在显著正相关性,且具有极好的拟合度。[结论]不同农药制剂浓度下UAV对蓟马和TSWV防治效果的影响存在显著影响,实际飞防操作中,建议用药质量为人工的3/4左右,不少于人工施药的1/2;将防治区域外扩到烟田埂100 m范围内,从烤烟移栽前到现蕾前进行为期5次的周期性UAV防治蓟马和TSWV,防治效果显著,明显区别于传统人工施药。

[Aims] This study aims to explore the influence of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) low-volume spray technology on the control effect of tobacco borne thrips and tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) under different pesticide concentrations, and to explore the effective control nodes and methods of thrips and TSWV. [Methods] According to the occurrence characteristics of thrips and TSWV, the field control effects of 4 pesticides on thrips and TSWV were tested by UAV with the thrips number and disease index as indicators, following the principle of regional and periodic control trials. [Results] The results showed that in the groups of UAV and artificial prevention and control under different treatments, 4 agents were used alternately, including emamectin benzoate 1% microemulsion, abamectin·imidacloprid 1.7% microemulsion, emamectin benzoate 5% water dispersible granules, pyriproxfen·dinotefuran 30%soluble concentrate. There was no significant difference in the control effect of thrips and TSWV among treatment 1(recommended dosage of UAV agent), treatment 2(the recommended dosage of UAV agent was reduced by 25%) and treatment 4(the recommended dosage of artificial control agent), and the control effect of thrips in the 3 treatments was more than 83.16%. The disease index of TSWV in the 3 treatments decreased from 8.64 ±1.37 in the blank control group to less than 3, which reached the prevention and control index. But treatment 3(the recommended dosage of UAV agent reduced by 50%) did not reach the prevention and control index. The disease index of TSWV in the blank control area increased with the increase of the number of thrips live nymphs, and there was a significant positive correlation, and it had a good fit. [Conclusions] The research showed that UAV has a significant impact on the control effect of thrips and TSWV under different pesticide concentrations. In the actual flight control operation, it is recommended that the amount of the pesticides is about 3/4 of that of the artificial one, which is not less than 1/2 of that of the artificial one. The control area should be extended to 100 m of the ridge of the tobacco field, and the large cycle UAV is used to control thrips and TSWV for 5 times from the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco to the behavior period before harvesting and roasting. The control effect is significantly different from the traditional artificial application.