从制度非均衡到制度均衡:环境信息公开制度的历史嬗递与创新进路

From Institutional Disequilibrium to Institutional Equilibrium:Historical Evolution and Innovative Approach of Environmental Information Disclosure System

基于制度均衡理论,梳理与测量中国环境信息公开制度供需的历史嬗递与现状,结果表明:中国环境信息公开制度供给历经萌芽、初创及确立、稳步发展三个阶段;环境信息公开主体、公开范围、公开时限与方式的制度需求呈现不同的历史阶段特征;环境信息公开制度供需数量均衡度和结构均衡度处于优质均衡与基本均衡并存格局,制度供需内容均衡度则呈现轻度失衡与严重失衡共存状态。根据制度供需均衡分析结果以及制度需求强度现状调查结果,遵循从制度非均衡走向制度均衡的进路,按照制度改革的优先级排序,应从不断拓宽环境信息公开渠道、建立健全环境信息公开平台、明确并扩大环境信息公开范围与公开程度、建立健全环境信息公开责任追究制度等方面破解环境信息公开制度改革创新面临的困境。

Based on the theory of institutional equilibrium,this paper combs and measures the historical evolution and current situation of the supply and demand of China’s environmental information disclosure system.The results show that China’s environmental information disclosure system has gone through three stages including sprouting,establishment,and steady development. The institutional demands of the subject,scope,time limit and mode of environmental information disclosure present different historical characteristics. The quantity balance and structure balance of supply and demand of environmental information disclosure system are in the coexistence of high-quality balance and basic balance,while the content balance is in the coexistence of mild imbalance and serious imbalance. According to the empirical results of institutional supply and demand equilibrium and the survey results of institutional demand intensity,following the route from institutional disequilibrium to institutional equilibrium,and based on the priority of institutional reform,we should constantly broaden the channels of environmental information disclosure,establish and improve the environmental information disclosure platform,clarify and expand the scope and degree of environmental information disclosure,establish and improve the accountability system of environmental information disclosure to solve the dilemma of environmental information disclosure system reform and innovation.