艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤的专项特征及预防措施

Characteristics and Preventive Measures of Hip Joint Injury in Rhythmic Gymnasts

目的:探索艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤发生的专项特征,提出预防措施。方法:运用文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,对艺术体操运动员髋关节损伤特征、致因及动作纠正方法进行分析。研究结果:①艺术体操身体难度中,髋关节前屈、后伸分别或同时出现,外展和外旋结合出现,无内收和内旋动作,运动员髋关节肌力失衡,外展大于内收肌力。②到达竞赛年龄运动员的技术、体能训练的专项化实践与运动员身体素质高速发展的发育规律相悖,可能错失素质发展高峰期。③运动员群体中存在髋关节先天发育不良和关节松弛、过早专项化和重技术轻体能的特征,导致出现双侧肢体发展不均衡、力量水平难以承受训练负荷、髋关节局部负担过重等问题,形成损伤风险。④髋关节损伤的预防主要包括:纠正动作,提高双侧肌力平衡;加强核心区力量训练,保持关节的稳定性;完善选拔机制,将运动员健康水平以及全面的基础能力纳入选材指标体系。

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of hip injury in rhythmic gymnasts and put forward preventive measures.The characteristics,causes and corrective methods of hip joint injury of rhythmic gymnasts were analyzed through methods of literature review and interviews.Results:(a)In body difficulties,the hip joint flexion and extension appeared respectively or simultaneously,abduction and extorsion appeared together,without adduction and intorsion,the athletes'hip joint muscle strength was unbalance,abduction was greater than adduction.(b)The specialized needs of the technical and physical training of athletes at the age of competition are inconsistent with the development characteristics of the physical quality of athletes,and may miss the peak of the development of quality.(c)Congenital dysplasia and joint relaxation of hip joint exist among some athletes.Athletes are specialized too early and pay more attention to skills than physical fitness,which leads to the unbalanced development of bilateral limbs,the strength level can not bear the training load,the local burden of hip joint is too heavy,and so on,resulting in the risk of injury.(d)The prevention of hip joint injury mainly includes:correcting movement and improving bilateral muscle balance;strengthening core strength training to maintain joint stability;and improving the selection mechanism and incorporate the health level and comprehensive basic ability of athletes into the talent selection index system.