侵犯公民个人信息罪的犯罪经济学分析

Analysis on the crime of infringing on citizens′personal information from the perspective of economics of crime

针对目前我国侵犯公民个人信息罪多发高发的态势,借用犯罪经济学的需求弹性理论和成本-收益模型,对2021年中国裁判文书网中580份侵犯公民个人信息罪刑事判决书进行实证分析研究得出,目前我国侵犯公民个人信息的犯罪活动对惩罚价格的反应在立法实践和司法实践中存在一定“弹性”差异,犯罪收益可观而犯罪成本甚微是此类犯罪多发高发的主要原因。为有效治理侵犯公民个人信息罪,应从减少犯罪收益、增加犯罪成本角度入手,持续加强对此类犯罪的司法打击力度,进一步明晰“公民个人信息”概念范围,适当扩充侵犯公民个人信息罪犯罪圈,促使侵犯公民个人信息罪治理由“缺乏弹性”向“富有弹性”转变。

With the advent of the information age,the protection of personal information security becomes pressing.In the view of the situation of frequent occurrence of crimes of infringing on citizens′personal information in China,this paper uses two theories of Economics of Crime,Elasticity of Demand and Cost-Benefit Analysis to research on 600 papers of sentence of the crime in 2021.The papers of sentence are collected from the website of China Judgments Online.At present,there is a certain“elastic”difference in the response of the crime of infringing on citizens′personal information to the punishment price in legislative practice and judicial practice.The main reason for the frequent occurrence of such crimes is that the crime gains are considerable while the crime costs are small.In order to effectively govern the crimes of infringing on the personal information,we should reduce the crime gains and increase the crime costs,continue to strengthen judicial crackdown,further clarify the scope of the concept of“citizen′s personal information”,appropriately expand the criminal circle of the crime of infringing on personal information,transforming the governance from“inelastic”to“elastic”.