沙颍河流域河南段生态系统服务价值及影响因素评估

Ecosystem Services Value and Evaluation of Influencing Factors of the Shaying River Basin in Henan Province

为提高沙颍河流域河南段生态系统服务水平,推动区域高质量发展,采用当量因子法、热点分析法、地理探测器模型评估沙颍河流域河南段2000—2018年生态系统服务价值(ESV)时空分异特征及影响因素。结果表明:耕地、草地、林地面积减小,城镇与农村居民点面积大幅度增大,耕地转出面积占总转出面积的57.71%,是其他土地利用类型转入的主要贡献者;研究区总ESV值随时间变化整体呈先增大后减小趋势,生态系统服务高值区范围缩小,主要分布在流域西部、北部;生态系统服务低值区范围扩大,主要分布在流域中部、东部,生态系统服务高值区、低值区空间集聚明显;生态系统服务价值增加的原因主要是耕地转水域、耕地转林地,减少的原因主要是林地转耕地、水域转耕地、耕地转城镇与农村居民点;生态系统服务价值空间分异受多因子的共同影响,其中人为干扰指数的影响最大,与各因子的交互作用最显著。下一步须严格限制林地、水域向耕地与建设用地转化,加强对生态用地的投入与管护,开展生态修复及流域生态补偿,以期改善生态环境,提高生态系统服务价值。

In order to improve the level of ecosystem services in the southern section of the Shaying River Basin and promote the high-quality development of the region, the equivalent factor method, hot spot analysis and geographic detector model were used to evaluate the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of ecosystem services in the southern section of the Shaying River Basin from 2000 to 2018. The results show that the area of cultivat land, grassland and forest land decrease, and the area of urban and rural settlements increase significantly, the transferred area of cultivated land accounts for 57.71% of the total transferred area, and it is the main contributor to the transfer of other land use types. The total ESV in the study area increases first and then decreases with time. The range of high value areas of ecosystem services is reduced, mainly distributed in the west and north of the basin. The range of low value areas of ecosystem services decreases, mainly distributes in the middle and east of the basin. The spatial accumulation of ecosystem services in high-value areas and low-value areas is obvious. The increase of ecosystem service value is mainly due to the conversion of cultivated land to water area and forest land, and the decrease is mainly due to the conversion of forest land to cultivated land, water area to cultivated land, and cultivated land to urban and rural settlement. The spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value is affected by many factors, among which the human disturbance index has the greatest impact, and the interaction with each factor is the most significant. In the next step, it is necessary to strictly restrict the conversion of forest land and water area to cultivated land and construction land, strengthen the investment and management of ecological land, carry out ecological restoration and watershed ecological compensation, in order to improve the ecological environment and increase the value of ecological services.